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摘 要:采用随机区组试验设计,研究了高温闷棚后施用不同土壤活化修复杀菌剂对设施番茄连作障碍的影响。结果表明,处理1和处理2番茄株高均显著高于对照,处理2单果质量显著高于对照,与对照相比,处理2单果质量提高15.82%,667 m2产量增加了2 518.79 kg,增产率达28.03%。与仅使用高温闷棚技术解决设施番茄连作障碍问题相比较,高温闷棚后,施用土壤活化修复杀菌剂可有效改善设施番茄连作障碍问题,改善番茄长势,增加产量,且有效延迟根结线虫侵入番茄根部,延缓番茄根部病害的发生,降低番茄病害发生的程度,可在设施番茄生产上推广应用。
关键词:番茄;设施栽培;高温闷棚;连作障碍;土壤修复杀菌剂
中图分类号:S641.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)09-070-04
Effect of applying soil activation and remediation fungicide in high temperature and stuffy shed on continuous cropping obstacles of protected tomato
DONG Zhigang, ZHENG Aihong, WAN Xuhua
(Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Pingliang City, Gansu, Pingliang 744000, Gansu, China)
Abstract: In order to study the effect of applying different soil activation and remediation fungicides on the problem of continuous tomato cropping obstacles after high temperature and stuffy sheds, a completely randomized experimental design was carried out in this research. The results showed that the plant height of treatment 1 and treatment 2 was significantly higher than that of the control; and the single fruit weight of treatment 2 was increased by 15.82%, the yield per 667 m2 was increased by 2 518.79 kg, and the yield increase rate reached 28.03%, which was significantly higher than the control. The results demonstrated that compared with using only the high-temperature stuffy shed technology, , the application of soil activation and repair fungicide after the high-temperature stuffy shed could effectively improve the problem of continuous tomato cropping in facilities, improve the growth of tomatoes, increase the yield, and effectively delay the invasion of root-knot nematodes into tomato roots, delay the occurrence of tomato root diseases, and reduce the extent of tomato disease. It can be promoted and applied in facility tomato production.
Key words: Tomato; Protected cultivation; High temperature stuffy shed; Continuous cropping obstacles; Soil remediation fungicide
番茄是平涼市温室大棚的常见蔬菜之一,常年种植面积1400 hm2,长期重茬连作问题严重,导致病虫害发生种类多、频次高,特别是土传病害危害严重。连作障碍导致一系列土壤问题的修复是一个世界性难题[1]。前人研究表明,土壤养分失调、土壤微生物菌群结构失衡、根际分泌化感物质的积累及土壤酶活性降低是连作障碍发生的原因[2-3],其中土壤微生物菌群结构失衡是连作障碍发生的主要原因[4-5],这些因素之间相互作用、相互影响。相关研究表明,在夏季高温空茬期用废旧棚膜密闭棚体,利用高强度自然光照使温室内快速提升温度至70 ℃以上,对温室进行杀菌消毒,可改善土壤理化性质,克服连作障碍问题[6-7]。近年来,土壤消毒与微生物菌剂在农田连作障碍治理中表现出很好的应用效果,通过菌剂中微生物的生命活动,增加植物养分的供应量,促进植物生长,提高产量,改善农产品品质及农田生态环境[8]。笔者在前人研究的基础上,在高温闷棚后,施用新型的土壤修复剂、微生物菌肥及防线宝等药剂处理,评估分析该处理方式对设施番茄连作障碍问题的防控效果,以期为解决平凉市蔬菜设施栽培土壤连作障碍问题及提高蔬菜产品的品质和产量提供技术支撑。 综上所述,高温闷棚后,施用土壤修复剂(复合型,有效活菌数≥200 亿·g-1)能明显改善番茄的田间生长特性,延迟根结线虫侵入番茄根部的时间,延缓番茄根部病害的发生,减轻番茄根部病害发生的程度。该配套技术可在番茄常年连作的设施大棚内推广应用。
参考文献
[1] 郑雪芳,刘波,朱育菁,等.设施番茄连作障碍土壤修复及其对青枯病害的防治效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(1):117-123.
[2] LI W H,LIU Q Z,CHEN P.Effect of long-term continuous cropping of strawberry on soil bacterial community structure and diversity[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2018,17(11):2570-2582.
[3] TAN Y,CUI Y S,LI H Y,et al.Rhizospheric soil and root endogenous fungal diversity and composition in response to continuous Panax notoginseng cropping practices[J].Microbiological Research,2017,194:10-19.
[4] ZHANG W,DU Y.Analysis of the succession of structure of the bacteria community in soil from long-term continuous cotton cropping in Xinjiang using high-throughput sequencing[J].Archives of Microbiology,2018,200(4):653-662.
[5] QIN S H,YEBOAH S,CAO L,et al.Breaking continuous potato cropping with legumes improves soil microbial communities,enzyme activities and tuber yield[J].Plos One,2017,12(5):e0175934.
[6] 濮生成.夏季高溫闷棚除菌除虫技术[J].农村科技,2011(8):27.
[7] 田福发,张黎杰,周玲玲,等.塑料大棚辣椒连作障碍综合治理技术[J].中国瓜菜,2018,31(9):59-60.
[8] 中华人民共和国农业部.微生物肥料术语:NY/T 1113—2006 [S].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[9] 张林青.土壤改良剂对连作设施番茄产量和品质的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2018(22):67-69.
[10] 刘中良,郑建利,孙哲,等.土壤改良剂对设施番茄土壤微生物群落、品质及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(S1):394-398.
[11] 李恩福.设施番茄连作障碍的发生原因及预防措施[J].科学种养,2010(11):31.
[12] 耿士均,刘刊,商海燕,等.园艺作物连作障碍的研究进展[J].北方园艺,2012(7):190-195.
[13] 贾喜霞,师桂英,黄炜,等.土壤消毒剂配施微生物有机肥及生防菌剂缓解设施茄子连作障碍的作用效应微生物菌剂[J].分子植物育种,2020,18(13):4492-4498.
关键词:番茄;设施栽培;高温闷棚;连作障碍;土壤修复杀菌剂
中图分类号:S641.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)09-070-04
Effect of applying soil activation and remediation fungicide in high temperature and stuffy shed on continuous cropping obstacles of protected tomato
DONG Zhigang, ZHENG Aihong, WAN Xuhua
(Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Pingliang City, Gansu, Pingliang 744000, Gansu, China)
Abstract: In order to study the effect of applying different soil activation and remediation fungicides on the problem of continuous tomato cropping obstacles after high temperature and stuffy sheds, a completely randomized experimental design was carried out in this research. The results showed that the plant height of treatment 1 and treatment 2 was significantly higher than that of the control; and the single fruit weight of treatment 2 was increased by 15.82%, the yield per 667 m2 was increased by 2 518.79 kg, and the yield increase rate reached 28.03%, which was significantly higher than the control. The results demonstrated that compared with using only the high-temperature stuffy shed technology, , the application of soil activation and repair fungicide after the high-temperature stuffy shed could effectively improve the problem of continuous tomato cropping in facilities, improve the growth of tomatoes, increase the yield, and effectively delay the invasion of root-knot nematodes into tomato roots, delay the occurrence of tomato root diseases, and reduce the extent of tomato disease. It can be promoted and applied in facility tomato production.
Key words: Tomato; Protected cultivation; High temperature stuffy shed; Continuous cropping obstacles; Soil remediation fungicide
番茄是平涼市温室大棚的常见蔬菜之一,常年种植面积1400 hm2,长期重茬连作问题严重,导致病虫害发生种类多、频次高,特别是土传病害危害严重。连作障碍导致一系列土壤问题的修复是一个世界性难题[1]。前人研究表明,土壤养分失调、土壤微生物菌群结构失衡、根际分泌化感物质的积累及土壤酶活性降低是连作障碍发生的原因[2-3],其中土壤微生物菌群结构失衡是连作障碍发生的主要原因[4-5],这些因素之间相互作用、相互影响。相关研究表明,在夏季高温空茬期用废旧棚膜密闭棚体,利用高强度自然光照使温室内快速提升温度至70 ℃以上,对温室进行杀菌消毒,可改善土壤理化性质,克服连作障碍问题[6-7]。近年来,土壤消毒与微生物菌剂在农田连作障碍治理中表现出很好的应用效果,通过菌剂中微生物的生命活动,增加植物养分的供应量,促进植物生长,提高产量,改善农产品品质及农田生态环境[8]。笔者在前人研究的基础上,在高温闷棚后,施用新型的土壤修复剂、微生物菌肥及防线宝等药剂处理,评估分析该处理方式对设施番茄连作障碍问题的防控效果,以期为解决平凉市蔬菜设施栽培土壤连作障碍问题及提高蔬菜产品的品质和产量提供技术支撑。 综上所述,高温闷棚后,施用土壤修复剂(复合型,有效活菌数≥200 亿·g-1)能明显改善番茄的田间生长特性,延迟根结线虫侵入番茄根部的时间,延缓番茄根部病害的发生,减轻番茄根部病害发生的程度。该配套技术可在番茄常年连作的设施大棚内推广应用。
参考文献
[1] 郑雪芳,刘波,朱育菁,等.设施番茄连作障碍土壤修复及其对青枯病害的防治效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(1):117-123.
[2] LI W H,LIU Q Z,CHEN P.Effect of long-term continuous cropping of strawberry on soil bacterial community structure and diversity[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2018,17(11):2570-2582.
[3] TAN Y,CUI Y S,LI H Y,et al.Rhizospheric soil and root endogenous fungal diversity and composition in response to continuous Panax notoginseng cropping practices[J].Microbiological Research,2017,194:10-19.
[4] ZHANG W,DU Y.Analysis of the succession of structure of the bacteria community in soil from long-term continuous cotton cropping in Xinjiang using high-throughput sequencing[J].Archives of Microbiology,2018,200(4):653-662.
[5] QIN S H,YEBOAH S,CAO L,et al.Breaking continuous potato cropping with legumes improves soil microbial communities,enzyme activities and tuber yield[J].Plos One,2017,12(5):e0175934.
[6] 濮生成.夏季高溫闷棚除菌除虫技术[J].农村科技,2011(8):27.
[7] 田福发,张黎杰,周玲玲,等.塑料大棚辣椒连作障碍综合治理技术[J].中国瓜菜,2018,31(9):59-60.
[8] 中华人民共和国农业部.微生物肥料术语:NY/T 1113—2006 [S].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[9] 张林青.土壤改良剂对连作设施番茄产量和品质的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2018(22):67-69.
[10] 刘中良,郑建利,孙哲,等.土壤改良剂对设施番茄土壤微生物群落、品质及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(S1):394-398.
[11] 李恩福.设施番茄连作障碍的发生原因及预防措施[J].科学种养,2010(11):31.
[12] 耿士均,刘刊,商海燕,等.园艺作物连作障碍的研究进展[J].北方园艺,2012(7):190-195.
[13] 贾喜霞,师桂英,黄炜,等.土壤消毒剂配施微生物有机肥及生防菌剂缓解设施茄子连作障碍的作用效应微生物菌剂[J].分子植物育种,2020,18(13):4492-4498.