塔里木河流域2004年“四源一干”河川径流情势及输水运行分析

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2004年塔里木河流域平原的年平均气温特高,山区偏高.平原与山区年降水量均正常略偏多,流域内春夏季0℃层高度偏低.2004年塔里木河四条源流出山口天然径流量224.0×108m3,属平水年.天山南坡的河流水量偏丰,阿克苏河偏多15.9%,为丰水年;开都河-孔雀河偏多4.2%,为平略偏丰水年.而喀喇昆仑山及昆仑山北坡的河流水量均少于多年均值,如叶尔羌河偏少10.8%,为偏枯水年;和田河偏少17.9%,为枯水年.四条源流阿克苏河、和田河、叶尔羌河、开都河-孔雀河入塔里木河总水量为27.02×108m3,占四条源流出山口天然径流总量的12.1%,叶尔羌河全年无水输入塔里木河.2004年塔里木河干流上游段阿拉尔-英巴扎耗水量为19.19×108m3,是干流最大的耗水区段;中游段英巴扎-恰拉耗水量为7.530×108m3,为治理前的30.3%,是输水堤工程竣工和加强管理的效益.2004年4月22日至6月25日,实施了第6次从博斯腾湖向塔里木河下游应急输水,历时65 d从博斯腾湖调出水量1.600×108m3,大西海子水库泄洪闸向下游输水量1.020×108m3,水头再次到达台特玛湖,多年来的调水已使下游河段两岸生态环境有了明显改善. The average annual temperature of the Tarim River plain in 2004 was extremely high and the mountainous area was relatively high, with annual mean annual precipitation in plain and mountain area slightly normal, and the height of 0 ℃ in spring and summer in the basin was low. Flow 224.0 × 108m3, is a flat water year .TianshanSlope on the southern slope of the river is over-abundance, Aksu River 15.9% more than for the wet years; Kaidu River - Peacock River 4.2% more than the average, for the slightly over the water years. For example, the Aksu River, Hetian River, Hetianjiang River and Hetianjiang River are all lower than the average annual mean value of the rivers in the Karakorum Mountains and the northern Kunlun Mountains. For example, the Yarkand River is 10.8% less than that of the Yarkand River, Yarkand River and Kaidu River - Peacock River The total volume of water entering the Tarim River is 27.02 × 108 m3, accounting for 12.1% of the total natural runoff from the four sources and the Yarkant River without water input into the Tarim River throughout 2004. In 2004, the Alar- The water consumption of British Bazaar is 19.19 × 108m3, which is the largest water consumption section of the mainstream. The water consumption of Yingbashi-Chala in the middle reaches is 7.530 × 108m3, which is 30.3% of that before the treatment, which is the completion and management of the water diversion dyke Benefit from the April 22, 2004 to June 25, implemented the sixth from Bositeng The lake delivered water to the lower reaches of the Tarim River in an emergency, which lasted 65 days from Bositeng Lake to transfer 1.600 × 108m3 of water and Daxihaizi Reservoir to the downstream of 1.020 × 108m3. The water head reached Taitama Lake again and the water diversion had enabled The ecological environment on both sides of the downstream reaches has been significantly improved.
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