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目的对女性服刑人员心理健康状况、应对方式及相关因素进行多维度的研究,为进一步的心理矫治提供科学依据。方法采用应对方式问卷(CSQ)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)及自制一般情况调查问卷对山东省女子监狱1 500名女性服刑人员进行测试,并进行相关因素分析。结果共有1 420名女性服刑人员进入分析。女性服刑人员总体上心理问题的检出率为45.7%,其中中重度心理障碍的占36.1%。SCL-90总分、各个因子分、应对方式中的积极应对的因子分普遍高于全国常模,差异均有统计学意义(t1～t11=2.623～7.015,P1～P11<0.01)。女性服刑人员心理健康与应对方式中的幻想、解决问题、求助等积极应对的因子呈显著的正相关(r=0.019～0.183,P<0.05),与自责、退避、合理化等呈负相关(P<0.05)。刑期、积极的应对方式是女性服刑人员的心理健康状况的主要影响因素(t=-2.729～4.510,P<0.05)。结论女性服刑人员存在明显的心理问题,女性服刑人员的心理健康状况与应对方式密切相关。
Objective To study the mental health status, coping style and related factors of female prisoners, and to provide a scientific basis for further psychological correction. Methods The CSQ, SCL-90 and self-made general questionnaire were used to test 1,500 female prisoners in Shandong Provincial Women’s Prison and related factors were analyzed. A total of 1,220 female inmates were included in the analysis. Female prisoners in general the detection rate of psychological problems was 45.7%, of which 36.1% of moderate and severe psychological disorders. The scores of SCL-90 total score, each factor score and coping style were generally higher than those of the national norm, the differences were statistically significant (t1 ~ t11 = 2.623 ~ 7.015, P1 ~ P11 <0.01). There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.019 ~ 0.183, P <0.05) between women prisoners’ mental health and coping styles such as fantasy, problem solving and seeking help, and was negatively correlated with self-accusation, retreat and rationalization P <0.05). Sentential and active coping styles are the main influencing factors of mental health of female prisoners (t = -2.729 ~ 4.510, P <0.05). Conclusion Female prisoners have obvious psychological problems, and mental health status and coping style of female prisoners are closely related.