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本文以烤烟套种结球甘蓝(LF)、白菜(BF)和豌豆(WF)作物之间的物质交互区域土壤(烤烟与套作作物主根间的物理对称中点0~20 cm土层土壤)为研究对象,应用ITS测序、主座标分析(PCo A)、Alpha多样性分析等方法分析土壤真菌群落结构变化及其与土壤理化特征变化之间的关系,同时结合烤烟经济性状和烟叶光合特性、SPAD值来综合分析三种套作处理的优劣。结果表明,该地区土壤中真菌的主要类群为Ascomycota(子囊菌门)、Basidiomycota(担子菌门)、Zygomycota(接合菌门)、Chytridiomycota(壶菌门)、Glomeromycota(球囊菌门)五大门类,套作甘蓝和豌豆的土壤真菌优势菌门均为Ascomycota(子囊菌门),而烤烟套种白菜的优势菌门为Basidiomycota(担子菌门),套作甘蓝的优势菌属为Coprinellus(鬼伞属)、Mortierella(被孢霉属),套作白菜的优势属为Mortierella(被孢霉属)、Lecanicillium(蜡蚧菌属),套作豌豆的优势属为Mortierella(被孢霉属)、Rhizophlyctis(囊根壶菌属);套种甘蓝和豌豆的土壤真菌群落结构较相似,两个处理土壤真菌菌属存在偏向性富集趋势,套种白菜的土壤真菌群落结构与另外两组差异较大,其土壤真菌的丰富度和多样性指数最高,且真菌菌属没有明显的偏向性富集趋势;烤烟套种白菜的土壤更适合多种真菌共同存在,互相制约,与该处理对应的烟叶产值量和光合指标也最高,烤烟套种白菜有利于改善土壤微生态环境,提高烤烟产量。相关性分析发现chao1(丰富度指数)和速效氮含量呈显著负相关关系,而与土壤p H值呈极显著正相关关系,Simpson(多样性指数)全氮含量呈显著负相关关系,土壤中氮含量过高,会显著降低真菌琢多样性指数,真菌Mortierella、Chlorophyllum是引起土壤氮含量变化的关键菌属。
In this paper, the soil (the 0 ~ 20 cm soil layer in the middle of physical symmetry between the flue-cured tobacco and the intercropping crop) in the interaction area of material between flue-cured tobacco and cabbage (LF), cabbage (BF) and pea (WF) The relationship between soil fungal community structure and soil physical and chemical characteristics was analyzed by using ITS sequencing, principal coordinate analysis (PCo A) and Alpha diversity analysis. At the same time, combining the economic traits of tobacco and photosynthetic characteristics of tobacco, SPAD value to comprehensively analyze the merits and demerits of three kinds of intercropping. The results showed that the main fungi in soils in the area were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Chytridiomycota and Glomeromycota, Ascomycota (Ascomycota) is the dominant fungi of soil fungi for cabbage and pea, while Basidiomycota (Basidiomycota) is the dominant fungi for the breeding of Chinese cabbage and Coprinus (Coprinus) , Mortierella (genus Mortierella), dominant genus of Mortierella (genus Mortierella), Lecanicillium (genus Cervus), and dominant genus of pea (Mortierella), Rhizophlyctis Genus Myceliophthora). The community structure of fungi in the intercropped cabbage and pea was similar. The fungi of the two treatments tended to be enriched. The fungal community structure of the intercropped cabbage was different from that of the other two groups. The highest degree of richness and diversity, and fungi genus no obvious tendency of enrichment; the soil of the cabbage flue-cured tobacco is more suitable for the coexistence of multiple fungi, mutual restraint, and the treatment corresponding to the output value of tobacco Photosynthetic indicators and the highest flue-cured tobacco intercropping cabbage will help to improve soil micro-ecological environment, increase production flue-cured tobacco. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between chao1 (available abundance index) and available nitrogen, but significant positive correlation with soil p H and negative correlation between Simpson (total nitrogen) and total nitrogen Nitrogen content is too high, will significantly reduce the fungus cut diversity index, fungi Mortierella, Chlorophyllum is caused by changes in soil nitrogen content of key bacteria.