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肿瘤的发生机制一直未阐明,其治疗效果也不尽人意。自20世纪70年代末,Hanahan等提出肿瘤血管调控平衡学说后,血管生成与肿瘤发生发展的相关性逐渐受到重视。抗肿瘤相关血管治疗已成为攻克肿瘤的重要途径之一。肿瘤的生长依赖于肿瘤血管的生成,只有当大量的肿瘤相关血管长入肿瘤实质内部,才能促使肿瘤持续生长和转移;反之,肿瘤生长将受到明显抑制,肿瘤细胞会出现凋亡及坏死。肿瘤相关血管的产生与否取决于血管生成促进因子和血管生成抑制因子的共同调节。只有当血管生成促进因子表达高于血管生成抑制因子的时候,才能从宿主血管壁以出芽方式大量形成新的血管--肿瘤相关血管;反之宿主血管保持相对稳定,甚至衰退。肝癌肿块内残留的宿主血管和周围正常肝组织内的血管,为新生血管的发生提供了良好的物质结构基础,也造成了肝癌生长快、转移早及浸润广泛的生物学特点。因此,肝癌中血管生成的研究对肝癌的治疗具有极为重要的意义。
The mechanism of tumor has not been elucidated, and its therapeutic effect is unsatisfactory. Since the late 1970s, Hanahan put forward the balance theory of tumor vascular regulation, the correlation between angiogenesis and tumorigenesis has been paid more and more attention. Anti-tumor-related vascular therapy has become one of the important ways to overcome the tumor. Tumor growth depends on the generation of tumor blood vessels. Only when a large number of tumor-related blood vessels grow into the tumor parenchyma can the tumor continue to grow and metastasize. On the contrary, tumor growth will be significantly inhibited and tumor cells will show apoptosis and necrosis. The production of tumor-associated blood vessels depends on the co-regulation of angiogenic and angiogenic factors. Only when angiogenic factors are expressed more than angiogenic inhibitors can new vascular-tumor-associated vessels be sprouted out of the host vessel wall in large numbers; whereas the host vessels remain relatively stable or even decayed. The remaining host blood vessels in the liver tumor mass and the blood vessels in the surrounding normal liver tissue provide a good material structure foundation for the occurrence of new blood vessels and also cause the biological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma to grow rapidly, metastasize early and infiltrate extensively. Therefore, the study of angiogenesis in liver cancer is of great significance for the treatment of liver cancer.