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功用主义伦理学属于目的论伦理学,它盛行于18世纪末至19世纪初。但就其思想渊源而言,可上溯到古希腊时期的快乐论和幸福论。长期以来人们一般都将功用主义伦理学分为古典和现代两种理论形态,这似乎是在学界比较流行的观点。但这种观点的一个明显缺陷就是:它只承认功用主义是快乐论和幸福论的一个较为晚近的形式。如若承认功用主义是古希腊时期快乐论和幸福论的一个较为晚近的形式,那么就等于承认了功用主义伦理思想是由古希腊时期的快乐论和幸福论思想的基础上演变而来的历史事实。因此,功用主义本身无论如何改变其理论形态,都不可能完全脱离快乐论和幸福论所主张的快乐或幸福等核心概念。因此,将整个功用主义分为前功用主义、古典功用主义和现代功用主义等彼此关联的三个发展阶段是非常有必要的。
Utilitarian Ethics belongs to teleology Ethics, which prevailed in the late 18th century to early 19th century. However, in terms of its origin of thought, it can be traced back to the theory of happiness and happiness in ancient Greece. For a long time, people generally divided utilitarian ethics into classical and modern theoretical forms, which seems to be the more popular view in academia. However, one obvious flaw in this view is that it only admits that utilitarianism is a relatively recent form of happiness and happiness. If we admit that utilitarianism is a relatively recent form of the theory of happiness and happiness in the ancient Greek period, it would be tantamount to admitting that the utilitarian ethical thought evolved from the historical facts evolved from the ideas of happiness and happiness in ancient Greece . Therefore, no matter how utilitarianism itself changes its theoretical form, it is impossible to completely depart from the core concepts of happiness or happiness advocated by the theory of happiness and happiness. Therefore, it is very necessary to divide the whole functionism into three stages of development: pre-utilitarianism, classical utilitarianism and modern utilitarianism.