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一种新型光敏图像阵列器件——动态像元敏感器APS,作为CCD成像器件的竞争对手,已经在星跟踪器和目标跟踪器应用领域崭露头角。喷气推进实验室(JPL)已经制订了一项开发基于APS器件的新一代、高集成度多功能跟踪器——可偏程智能微型跟踪器(PIM)的计划,仔细挑选了PIM的支持硬件,以充分发挥APS的固有优势。跟踪器的功能足以完成下列任务:恒星识别、恒星跟踪、姿态确定、空间对接、特征跟踪、用于着陆控制的降落成像以及目标跟踪等等。PIM的第一个方案采用JPL开发自的256×256像元APS器件和先进的32位RISC(精简指令系统计算机)微控制器。发挥APS珍奇性能及其与微控制器相结合的优势,这种微型跟踪器与当代恒星跟踪器相比,质量和功耗大约可减小一个数量级。它还增添了可编程的优点,因而可以探测各种各样的恒星和其他天体,并可执行目标跟踪任务。这种用于空间领域的PIM设计概念的有效性正在验证之中。采用这样一种集成化手段来建造新一代高性能通用跟踪设备的成效,将在未来多种多样空间任务的应用中得到证实。
A new type of photosensitive image array device, the dynamic pixel sensor APS, has emerged as a star tracker and target tracker application as a competitor to CCD imaging devices. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has devised a plan to develop a new generation of highly integrated multi-function tracker based on APS devices, a deflectable intelligent mini-tracker (PIM), carefully selected PIM support hardware, To give full play to the inherent advantages of APS. The tracker is capable of performing the following tasks: star recognition, star tracking, attitude determination, space docking, feature tracking, landing imaging for landing control, and target tracking. The first PIM solution uses the 256 × 256-pixel APS device developed by JPL and the advanced 32-bit RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) microcontroller. Take advantage of the astonishing performance of APS and its combination with microcontrollers, this mini-tracker reduces mass and power consumption by an order of magnitude compared to contemporary star trackers. It also adds the advantage of being programmable so that it can detect a wide variety of stars and other celestial bodies and perform target tracking tasks. The validity of this concept of PIM for the space domain is under validation. The effectiveness of using such an integrated approach to building a new generation of high-performance general purpose tracking equipment will be demonstrated in a wide variety of future space mission applications.