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为保障油气管道安全运行,笔者以脆弱性概念为基础,结合事故发展机理建立3D2R(监测、阻止、延迟、响应、恢复)油气管道风险评估模型,采用熵值法确定各指标权重,量化脆弱性程度,并参考参考美国石油协会(API)标准规范,建立适用于评估公共安全及生产安全的基于脆弱性的风险评估流程。将该流程应用于评估油气管道风险。结果表明,示例管段存在打孔盗油、维修作业、第三方施工、腐蚀4类威胁,对应脆弱性等级为3级、3级、2级和3级,风险级别分别为4级、3级、4级和4级,在采取建议措施之后,风险级别分别降低至3级、2级、2级、3级,均在可接受范围内,该方法可发现脆弱点并将风险控制在可接受范围内。
In order to ensure the safe operation of oil and gas pipelines, based on the concept of vulnerability, the author establishes 3D2R (risk monitoring, deterrence, delay, response and recovery) oil and gas pipelines risk assessment model based on the accident development mechanism, uses entropy method to determine the weight of each indicator and quantifies the vulnerability Refer to the American Petroleum Institute (API) standards and establish a vulnerability-based risk assessment process suitable for assessing public safety and production safety. Apply this process to assess oil and gas pipelines risks. The results showed that there were four types of threat in drilling, maintenance work, third-party construction and corrosion. The corresponding vulnerability levels were level 3, level 3, level 2 and level 3, and risk levels were level 4, level 3, Levels 4 and 4, the risk levels were reduced to levels 3, 2, 2 and 3, respectively, within the acceptable range following the proposed measures, which could identify vulnerabilities and control risks within an acceptable range Inside.