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今天,新古典主义经济学理论和在发展政策中的应用已严重掩盖和低估了主要的生态问题。由于计量和估价的困难,有形的环境效益在成本—效益分析中被系统地估低了,至于无形的环境效益(如从生物多样性保护中获得的效益)在经济分析中体现得更少;开发项目或政策引发的不可逆性环境影响常常与可逆性影响一样对待;贴现成本和效益的方法特别偏爱具有短期收益和长期投入的项目;但这会带来严重的环境负作用;用 GNP 指标衡量国家的发展程度会鼓励对自然资源进行过渡开发。从项目角度看,最低安全标准“是对成木—效益分析方法的一个重要的环境补充因素。从国家政策角度看,“稳步经济学”可用于在限制自然资源消耗增长的情况下调控经济计划。
Today, neoclassical economic theory and its application in development policies have largely masked and underestimated the major ecological problems. Due to the difficulty of measurement and valuation, the tangible environmental benefits are systematically estimated in the cost-benefit analysis, while invisible environmental benefits (such as those derived from biodiversity conservation) are reflected in the economic analysis. Irreversible environmental impacts caused by development projects or policies are often treated in the same way as reversible impacts; discounted costs and benefits are favored over projects with short-term gains and long-term investments; however, this can have serious environmental negative effects; measured by the GNP indicator The level of national development will encourage the transitional development of natural resources. From the project perspective, the minimum safety standards “is an important environmental supplement to the cost-effective analysis of the environment. From a national policy perspective,” steady-state economics "can be used to regulate economic programs while limiting the growth of natural resource consumption .