论文部分内容阅读
为了解糯玉米氮素分配转移规律及其与氮素吸收利用的关系,揭示氮素分配转移的基因型差异及其对产量形成的作用,本文在同一氮素供应水平下研究了31个糯玉米品种的氮素分配转移特性。结果表明,糯玉米生育期间氮素的分配中心是随生长中心转移而变化的,开花前主要分配在叶片和茎秆中,开花后氮素的分配中心开始由茎、叶转向雌穗,并逐渐以子粒建成为中心。糯玉米不同品种各器官氮素转移率及其对收获产品的贡献率存在显著差异。相关分析表明,氮素转移率主要影响产量、氮素利用效率及氮收获指数的高低,而对氮素吸收总量的影响较小。通径分析表明,鲜穗高产品种茎秆的氮素转移率较高,鲜子粒高产品种茎秆和雄穗的氮素转移率较高,成熟子粒高产品种叶片、苞叶及穗轴的氮素转移率均较高;叶片的氮素转移率高有利于品种鲜穗、鲜子粒及成熟子粒氮素利用效率的提高。属于高产、氮素吸收量大、氮素利用效率高基因型的6个品种,其鲜食期和成熟期的氮素总转移率平均值分别为25.53%和47.60%,比其他品种分别高27.48%和22.94%;鲜食期和成熟期的子粒氮收获指数平均值分别为0.35和0.62,比其他品种分别高8.43%和9.90%。
In order to understand the relationship between nitrogen allocation and translocation of waxy corn and its relationship with nitrogen uptake and utilization, and to reveal the genotypic differences in nitrogen allocation and transfer and its effect on yield formation, 31 waxy corn Variety of nitrogen distribution and transfer characteristics. The results showed that the distribution center of nitrogen varied with the growth center during the growth of waxy maize, and mainly distributed in the leaves and stems before flowering. After the flowering, the distribution center of nitrogen began to change from the stem and leaves to the ear, To the particle built as the center. There was a significant difference in nitrogen transfer rate among different organs of waxy corn and its contribution rate to harvested products. Correlation analysis showed that nitrogen transfer rate mainly affected yield, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index, but had little effect on total nitrogen uptake. Path analysis showed that the nitrogen transfer rate was higher in stems with high yield of fresh ear and higher with higher nitrogen transfer rate in stems and tassels of high grain yield varieties. Nitrogen transfer in leaves, husk and cob of high yielding varieties The higher N transfer rate was beneficial to the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency of fresh ear, fresh grain and mature grain. Six cultivars with high yield, large amount of nitrogen uptake and high nitrogen use efficiency had 25.53% and 47.60% of the total nitrogen transfer rates in fresh and mature stages, respectively, which were 27.48% higher than other cultivars % And 22.94%, respectively. The average values of grain nitrogen index in fresh and mature stages were 0.35 and 0.62, respectively, 8.43% and 9.90% higher than those in other cultivars.