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目的了解保健(功能)食品中重金属污染状况。方法采用GB/T5009和GB5009规定的检测方法,对2012-2013年受理的保健(功能)食品进行了铅、砷和汞含量测定,使用SPSS13.0对测定结果进行统计分析。结果两年共检测981份样品,总合格率92.05%,铅、砷和汞检出率分别为51.19%、70.41%和61.27%,超标率分别为5.16%、4.54%和0.98%,含量均值分别为(0.42±0.51)mg/kg、(0.27±0.67)mg/kg和(0.04±0.08)mg/kg。5种剂型保健(功能)食品铅、砷和汞检出率皆以丸剂最高,分别达84.12%、100.00%和93.75%,五种剂型间检出率差异均有统计学意义(P均为<0.01),超标率也以丸剂最高,分别为23.53%、40.00%和18.75%,其差异均有统计学意义(P均为<0.01)。铅、砷和汞检出和超标主要集中在植、动物类保健(功能)食品,其中,植物类铅、砷和汞检出率分别为61.67%、79.18%和66.33%,超标率分别为7.04%、5.95%和1.53%;动物类检出率分别为43.90%、72.95%和67.95%,超标率分别为2.44%、4.92%和0.00%。结论河南省保健(功能)食品重金属超标不严重,但检出率较高,以丸剂、使用植物和动物性原料的保健(功能)食品污染相对较重。
Objective To understand the status of heavy metal pollution in health (functional) foods. Methods The detection methods of GB / T5009 and GB5009 were used to determine the contents of lead, arsenic and mercury in health (functional) foods accepted from 2012 to 2013. The results of SPSS13.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 981 samples were tested in two years with a total pass rate of 92.05%. The detection rates of lead, arsenic and mercury were 51.19%, 70.41% and 61.27% respectively. The over standard rates were 5.16%, 4.54% and 0.98% (0.42 ± 0.51) mg / kg, (0.27 ± 0.67) mg / kg and (0.04 ± 0.08) mg / kg respectively. The detection rates of lead, arsenic and mercury in the five kinds of health food were the highest (84.12%, 100.00% and 93.75%, respectively), and the differences among the five dosage forms were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The exceeding standard rate was also the highest in pills, which were respectively 23.53%, 40.00% and 18.75%, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.01). The detection and excess of lead, arsenic and mercury were mainly concentrated in plant and animal health (functional) foods. The detection rates of lead, arsenic and mercury in plants were 61.67%, 79.18% and 66.33% respectively, and the exceeding rates were 7.04 %, 5.95% and 1.53% respectively. The detection rates of animals were 43.90%, 72.95% and 67.95% respectively, and the exceeding rates were 2.44%, 4.92% and 0.00% respectively. Conclusion The heavy metals in health care (functional) foods in Henan Province are not serious enough, but the detection rate is relatively high. The health (functional) foods contaminated by pills, use of plants and animal raw materials are relatively heavy.