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目的观察洞庭湖洲垸亚型疫区采取不同防治措施控制血吸虫病效果。方法选择西洞庭湖洲垸型疫区五一村为试点,连续27年分阶段实施常规防治、人畜同步化疗、化疗结合改水的不同防治措施,观察人畜病情和螺情的变化。结果湖沼型洲垸亚型重流行区,常规防治措施,居民感染率维持在33.10%～34.73%的较高水平。以人畜同步扩大化疗为主的措施,人群感染率、耕牛感染率分别从30.00%以上降至10.00%左右,儿童新感染率从15.00%下降到5.00%以下。化疗结合改水居民感染率维持在2.66%～7.61%,儿童新感染率为1.20%～3.70%。各阶段垸外易感地带感染性钉螺无明显变化。结论人畜同步扩大化疗为主的防治策略,短期可迅速降低居民血吸虫感染率,是控制湖沼型地区血吸虫病流行的有效方法,但化疗措施仍无法阻断血吸虫病传播。
Objective To observe the effect of controlling schistosomiasis with different prevention and treatment measures in embankment subtype of Dongting Lake. Methods Fifty-one villages of embankment-type embankment in West Dongting Lake were selected as experimental sites. Different prevention and treatment measures such as routine prevention and treatment, simultaneous chemotherapy of human and animals, combination of chemotherapy and water improvement were adopted in phases for 27 consecutive years, and the changes of human and animal diseases and snails were observed. Results In the embankment embankment subtype epidemic area, conventional infection control measures and resident infection rate maintained at a relatively high level of 33.10% ~ 34.73%. The measures of simultaneously increasing the chemotherapy of human beings and the animals, the infection rate of the crowd and the rate of cattle infection decreased from above 30.00% to 10.00% respectively, and the new infection rate of children dropped from 15.00% to below 5.00%. Residents infected with chemotherapy combined with water change remained at 2.66% ~ 7.61%, children’s new infection rate was 1.20% ~ 3.70%. There was no significant change of infectious snails in susceptible zones outside the embankment in each stage. Conclusions The prevention and cure strategy that the human and animals expand the chemotherapy simultaneously is mainly to shorten the infection rate of schistosomiasis in the short term, which is an effective way to control the schistosomiasis prevalence in the lakeshore region. However, the chemotherapy measures still can not stop the transmission of schistosomiasis.