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目的针对安徽省农民工开发艾滋病健康传播材料并开展艾滋病健康教育活动,提高农民工艾滋病相关知识知晓率。方法采用社区干预方法,根据需求评估结果,开发传播材料,设计和开展健康教育活动配合材料使用,并对效果进行评估。结果干预前后调查对象艾滋病基本知识知晓率分别为62.6%和86.7%(P<0.001)。干预前后无偿献血知识知晓率分别是48.6%和78.2%(P<0.001)。干预后两个知晓率均达到了《中国遏制艾滋病行动计划(2006～2010)》的目标。干预前后艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)服务的知晓率分别为46.3%和74.8%(P<0.001)。干预前后农民工艾滋病防治相关正确态度符合率分别是73.6%和85.0%(P<0.001)。干预前后接受VCT服务的比例分别是16.0%和36.2%(P<0.001)。自报有婚外(婚前)性行为的比例在干预前后分别为26.8%和20.1%(P=0.066)。最近3次与婚外(婚前)性伴的性行为中均使用安全套的比例在干预前后分别为11.8%和16.4%(P=0.458)。结论针对农民工开发和利用艾滋病健康传播材料有效地提高了集中场所农民工的艾滋病防治相关知识和正确态度,改善了VCT服务的利用行为,但对危险性行为的改变效果不明显。
Objective To develop HIV / AIDS health communication materials for migrant workers in Anhui Province and conduct HIV / AIDS health education activities to raise awareness of AIDS related knowledge among migrant workers. Methods The method of community intervention was used to develop the communication materials according to the needs assessment results. The health education activities were designed and carried out to coordinate the use of materials and the effects were evaluated. Results Before and after the intervention, the awareness rate of AIDS basic knowledge was 62.6% and 86.7% respectively (P <0.001). Knowledge of unpaid donations before and after intervention were 48.6% and 78.2% respectively (P <0.001). Both interventions reached the goal of “China’s AIDS Action Plan (2006 ~ 2010)” after intervention. The awareness rate of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services before and after intervention was 46.3% and 74.8% respectively (P <0.001). The coincidence rates of correct attitudes about HIV / AIDS prevention among migrant workers before and after intervention were 73.6% and 85.0%, respectively (P <0.001). The percentage of patients receiving VCT before and after intervention was 16.0% and 36.2% respectively (P <0.001). The percentage of self-reported extramarital (pre-marital) sexual behavior was 26.8% and 20.1% before and after intervention (P = 0.066), respectively. The proportion of condoms used in the last three sex with extramarital (premarital) partners was 11.8% and 16.4% before and after intervention (P = 0.458), respectively. Conclusion Developing and using HIV / AIDS health communication materials for migrant workers effectively improved HIV / AIDS related knowledge and correct attitudes of migrant workers in centralized places and improved the utilization of VCT services. However, the effect of changing risk behaviors was not obvious.