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到2010年煤在苏联能源生产中所占比例将由目前的18％增至21～22％。电站耗煤占煤炭消耗的首位,其耗煤量由占煤产量的50％上升至70％,电站总的耗煤量将增加一倍。露天开采产煤量将占总产量的66～69％,入洗原煤比例将提高到60～70％。根据煤炭工业现状及煤炭工业科技进步预测资料,苏联国家科委及煤炭部对今后20年煤炭科技发展重点初步规划如下: 一、露天开采 总的方向是建立高效、不污染环境的露天开采工艺,主要抓好以下几方面: ①研制适用于不同煤,岩硬度的高效、自动回转式电铲,破碎、筛分设备,推土机,运输机等露天开采设备。把计算机技术应用于生产设备控制。建立露天剥离、开采流水作业新工艺; ②研制应用微机控制的大容量铲斗,索斗式吊铲,建立露天剥离、开采无运输新工艺; ③制定适用于坎斯克——阿钦斯克,埃基巴乌日斯基能源综合基地,库兹巴斯等特殊条件下的开采工艺; ④露天矿生态环境保护,遭开采破坏土地的复土再耕。 二、井工开采
By 2010, the proportion of coal in the Soviet Union’s energy production will increase from the current 18% to 21-22%. Power station coal consumption accounted for the first place in coal consumption, the coal consumption from 50% of coal production rose to 70% of total coal consumption will double the station. Open-pit coal production will account for 66 to 69% of the total output, the proportion of raw coal into the washing will be increased to 60 to 70%. According to the status quo of coal industry and the prediction of scientific and technological progress of the coal industry, preliminary plans for the development of coal science and technology in the next 20 years by the State Science and Technology Commission and the Ministry of Coal Industry of the Soviet Union are as follows: 1. The overall direction of open pit mining is to set up an open-air mining process that is efficient and does not pollute the environment, Mainly engaged in the following aspects: ① developed for different coal, rock hardness of high efficiency, automatic rotary shovel, crushing, screening equipment, bulldozers, conveyors and other open-pit mining equipment. The computer technology used in production equipment control. The establishment of open-air stripping, mining process new technology; ② the development of computer-controlled application of large-capacity bucket, bucket bucket type shovel, the establishment of open-air stripping, mining no new transportation process; ③ developed for the Kanshui - Aqinsk, Egypt Kiba Uzyski Energy Base, KuzBass and other special conditions of the mining process; ④ ecological environmental protection of open-pit mines, was the destruction of the land by mining the mining and tillage. Second, mining wells