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近40年,保健护理工作发展很快,社区保健护理,已由指向预防的公共卫生护理发展成为以实现社会人群高度身心健康为目标的综合性保健护理。进入60—70年代,医师们大批走向专业化,由注册护士经过补充培训而培养起来的开业护士,承担了大量的社会人群的初级保健服务。进入80年代,社会经济的变化,使老龄人口、慢性病人、临终病人、残疾病人的家庭保健服务,以及社会心理性服务均成为社区保健护理的重要而艰巨的任务。为实现WHO提出的2000年人人享有卫生保健的全球战略做贡献。本文还对国外开业护士的培训、从事的专业以及未来做了简要介绍。
In the past 40 years, health care work has developed rapidly. Community health care has evolved from preventive public health care to comprehensive health care that aims to achieve a high level of physical and mental health in the community. In the 1960s and 1970s, physicians went into specialization. The nurses trained by registered nurses through supplementary training took on the primary health care services of a large number of social groups. In the 1980s, social and economic changes have made the elderly population, chronic patients, dying patients, and family health services for disabled patients and social psychological services become important and arduous tasks for community health care. To contribute to the WHO Global Strategy for Health Care for All by the year 2000. This article also provides a brief introduction to the training, professionalism and future of nurse practitioners abroad.