细胞凋亡是由基因控制的细胞主动死亡方式。现已知体内多种组织的细胞通过凋亡途径实现自身代谢转变;如胚胎细胞、胸腺细胞、T和B淋巴细胞、晶状体细胞、肠上皮、乳腺上皮、前列腺上皮以及成纤维细胞等。细胞凋亡不但在个体发育、免疫细胞的增殖、分化、成熟等生理过程中具有独特的意义,而且对机体自身监测清除突变细胞和肿瘤细胞等方面也有重要 Apoptosis is a genetically controlled way of active cell death. It is now known that many tissues in the body can undergo their own metabolic changes through the apoptotic pathway; such as embryonic cells, thymocytes, T and B lymphocytes, lens cells, intestinal epithelium, mammary gland epithelium, prostate epithelium and fibroblasts. Apoptosis not only in the individual development, immune cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation and other physiological processes has a unique significance, but also to the body’s own monitoring of the removal of mutant cells and tumor cells are also important