论文部分内容阅读
目的评价参与式培训对中小型企业职业卫生的促进作用。方法以广州市30家中小型制造类企业550名电焊工人为研究对象,通过问卷调查、现场评估和参与式培训,比较工人培训前、后的职业卫生知识、信念、行为改变及对工作环境的评价。结果培训后职业卫生知识、行为得分分别高于培训前[(76.3±23.7)vs(66.3±20.5)分,(84.4±13.0)vs(81.4±13.1)分,P<0.05];培训后各项工作环境评价项目得分低于培训前[人体工效学(24.0±9.8)vs(33.7±5.0)分,警示安全标志(8.0±5.1)vs(15.8±4.9)分、设施是否有效(21.0±6.7)vs(38.2±9.2)分,个人防护与卫生设备(14.0±5.5)vs(22.0±11.6)分,P<0.01]。结论参与式培训是职业卫生预防工作中的有效方式,能提高工人对职业卫生“知、信、行”的认知,促进工人和企业主动改善工作环境。
Objective To evaluate the contribution of participatory training to occupational health in small and medium-sized enterprises. Methods A total of 550 welders from 30 small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Guangzhou City were selected as research objects. Through questionnaire survey, on-site assessment and participatory training, occupational health knowledge, beliefs, behavior changes and evaluation of work environment were compared before and after training . Results After training, the occupational health knowledge and behavior scores were higher than those before training [(76.3 ± 23.7) vs (66.3 ± 20.5) points, (84.4 ± 13.0) vs (81.4 ± 13.1) points, P <0.05] The score of working environment evaluation project was lower than that before training [ergonomics (24.0 ± 9.8) vs (33.7 ± 5.0) points, warning safety sign (8.0 ± 5.1) vs (15.8 ± 4.9) points and facility effectiveness (21.0 ± 6.7) vs (38.2 ± 9.2) points, personal protection and hygiene equipment (14.0 ± 5.5) vs (22.0 ± 11.6) points, P <0.01]. Conclusion Participatory training is an effective way to prevent occupational health. It can increase workers’ awareness of occupational health, knowledge, trust and behavior, and promote the initiative of workers and enterprises to improve their work environment.