首先介绍了美国新英格兰电力市场备用市场的设计 ,然后提出一种在联营型电力市场中能量和备用调度的联合优化新模型。该模型是一个不可微优化模型 ,能够模拟备用机组的机会成本 ,因此比文献中报道的模型更加全面、完整。文中将联合优化模型转化为等价的混合整数优化模型 ,并建议运用分支定界法求解。针对不同的市场设计方案推导了相应的能量和备用的边际成本。讨论了联合优化问题的解的求解方法和最优解的多值性。此外 ,文中还讨论了一种常见的联合优化计算方法 ,并指出其启发性质。研究表明一个包含机会费用的市场设计从结构上讲非常复杂 ,从计算上讲也非常有挑战性。这些研究结果为实现美国联邦能源管制委员会所倡导的主辅市场联合优化设计奠定了理论基础 First, the design of the reserve market in the New England power market in the United States is introduced. Then a new joint optimization model of energy and standby dispatch in the combined power market is proposed. The model is a non-differentiable optimization model, which can simulate the opportunity cost of the standby unit, so it is more comprehensive and complete than the model reported in the literature. In this paper, the joint optimization model is transformed into an equivalent mixed integer optimization model, and a branch and bound method is proposed to solve the problem. The corresponding marginal costs of energy and reserve are derived for different market designs. The solution method and the multi-value of the optimal solution of the joint optimization problem are discussed. In addition, the article also discusses a common joint optimization method of calculation, and pointed out its enlightening nature. Research shows that a market design that includes opportunity costs is structurally very complex and computationally challenging. The results of these studies have laid the theoretical foundation for the joint optimization design of the primary and secondary markets advocated by the US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission