五四文学革命在批判“文以载道”旧传统的凯歌声中拉开了序幕,然而新文学倡导者在声称“文学本非为载道而设”的同时,却又呼唤文学承担起改变国民精神的责任,这也便形成了“文学观念的二律背反”。通过对历史现场的梳理,我们可以看出动荡的社会形势与“天下兴亡,匹夫有责”的士大夫情节是造成这种现象发生的主要原因。 The May Fourth literary revolution kicked off in the triumph of criticism of the old tradition of “writing with words”. However, new literary advocates called for it while claiming that “ Literature assumes the responsibility to change the spirit of the nation, which also formed the ”antinomy of literary ideas." Through the combing of the historical scene, we can see that the turmoil social situation and the plot of the doctor and the doctor who are responsible for the rise and fall of the world are the main causes of this phenomenon.