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目的比较实验动物呼吸系统主要器官的组织学特征,为制定实验动物病理检测标准、以及毒理学、新药安全性评价提供依据。方法选取实验动物质量国家检测标准检测合格的恒河猴30只、昆明小鼠20只、SD大鼠20只、日本大耳白兔18只、比格犬16只、树鼩20只。除昆明小鼠采用颈椎脱臼致死外,其余动物麻醉后放血处死和病理解剖,对气管、肺脏进行病理大体检查和取材,常规病理制片,进行HE染色、特殊染色和免疫组化染色,显微镜下观察气管、肺脏的组织结构和细胞结构异同。结果 (1)实验动物气管上皮杯状细胞有差异:恒河猴、比格犬、日本大耳白兔杯状细胞较多,大鼠、小鼠、树鼩则较少或无。上皮分泌的黏液类型以中性黏液为主,比格犬杯状细胞分泌的黏液类型有中性黏液和酸性黏液。(2)实验动物黏膜下腺泡分布有差异:比格犬黏膜下层的腺泡最多,恒河猴、大鼠、小鼠、树鼩腺泡数量偏少,日本大耳白兔黏膜下层的混合腺泡最少。(3)实验动物的肺内支气管分支有差异:比格犬、恒河猴、日本大耳白兔由叶支气管、段支气管、小支气管、细支气管、终末细支气管和呼吸性细支气管组成,树鼩、大鼠、小鼠只由细支气管、终末细支气管和呼吸性细支气管组成。(4)实验动物细支气管组织结构有差异:恒河猴、比格犬的细支气管平滑肌为完整环形平滑肌层,没有缺失,而大鼠、小鼠、树鼩及日本大耳白兔的细支气管平滑肌薄或缺失。恒河猴、树鼩、大鼠细支气管有少量杯状细胞,其余实验动物均无杯状细胞。(5)实验动物Clara细胞形态有差异:比格犬Clara细胞呈立方形,其余动物呈柱状。结论实验动物呼吸系统组织结构的质是相同的,差异在于量的不同。研究人员在制定病理学检测标准、实验研究、药物安全性评价时应予充分考虑。
Objective To compare the histological characteristics of major organs of the respiratory system in experimental animals and provide the basis for the development of pathological test standards for laboratory animals and the safety evaluation of toxicology and new drugs. Methods 30 Rhesus macaques, 20 Kunming mice, 20 SD rats, 18 Japanese white rabbits, 16 Beagle dogs and 20 trees were selected from the national standards for testing animal quality. Except that Kunming mice were killed by cervical dislocation, the other animals were exsanguinated and necropsied after anesthesia. The trachea and lungs were grossly examined and drawn for pathology. HE staining, special staining and immunohistochemistry staining were performed under the microscope Observed trachea, lung tissue structure and cell structure similarities and differences. Results (1) The differences of tracheal epithelial goblet cells in experimental animals: There are more goblet cells in Rhesus macaques, Beagle dogs and Japanese white rabbits. There are fewer goats and mice in tree tracts. Epithelial mucus secreted by the type of neutral mucus, beagles goblet cells secrete mucus types of neutral mucus and acidic mucus. (2) There are differences in submucosal acinar distribution in experimental animals: the acinar submucosa of beagle dogs has the most acinus, the number of acinar in rhesus monkey, rat, mouse and tree shrew is less, Acinar at least. (3) There were differences in the intrapulmonary bronchial branches in experimental animals: beagle dogs, rhesus monkeys and Japanese white rabbits were composed of leaf bronchioles, segmental bronchi, bronchioles, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles, Tree 鼩, rat, mice only by the bronchioles, terminal bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles. (4) There were differences in the structure of bronchioles in experimental animals: the bronchioles of Rhesus macaques and Beagle dogs were intact circular smooth muscle layer, but not in rats, mice, tree shrews and the bronchioles of Japanese white rabbits Smooth or missing. Rhesus monkey, tree shrew, rat bronchioles have a small amount of goblet cells, the remaining experimental animals have no goblet cells. (5) Clara cells in experimental animals showed morphological differences: Clara cells in Beagle dogs were cuboidal and the remaining animals were columnar. Conclusion The quality of the respiratory tissue in experimental animals is the same, the difference lies in the amount of different. Researchers in the development of pathological testing standards, experimental studies, drug safety evaluation should be fully taken into account.