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随着工业污染的加剧,20世纪60年代,德国最早提出“环境权”。“环境权”分为广义和狭义,学术界在概念上有一定共识的,即公民有权享有生活在舒适、健康的环境中的权利。但是在属性上远未达成一致,有能力说、相邻权说、人类权说、人权说、财产权说等。笔者认为:我国未来“环境权”立法应采狭义“环境权”概念,属于私权范畴。“环境权”是绝对权,也是一项兼具人身、财产性质的综合性权利。“环境权”是一种可以进行处分的权利,但是这种处分应严格限定。“环境权”的保障措施应包含民事、刑事、行政等多个层面的。
With the intensification of industrial pollution, Germany first proposed “environmental rights” in the 1960s. The “environmental rights” are broadly and narrowly defined. There is a conceptual consensus in academia that citizens have the right to life in a comfortable and healthy environment. However, far from reaching an agreement on the nature of the property, the ability to say that the rights of neighboring claims, human rights, human rights, property rights and so on. The author believes that the future of China’s “environmental rights” legislation should adopt narrow “environmental rights” concept, belong to the category of private rights. “Environmental Right ” is the absolute right, but also a comprehensive rights of both personal and property. “Environmental rights ” is a right to dispose of, but such sanctions should be strictly limited. “Environmental rights ” safeguard measures should include civil, criminal, administrative and other aspects.