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目的分析鞋业苯作业工人血常规检测结果,并探讨影响血常规异常的因素。方法以18 866名鞋业苯作业工人为暴露组,选择同期同期健康体检的无苯暴露作业工人18 800人为对照组,比较两组血常规异常率,并分析血常规异常的影响因素。结果暴露组WBC、RBC、Hb和PLT的异常检出率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析,鞋业苯作业工龄≥10年者发生血常规异常的风险高于苯作业工龄<1年者(P<0.05);苯作业工种中,从事涂料和印刷工种者发生血常规异常的风险高于定型工种(P<0.05)。对异常血片镜检,从单纯WBC异常血片中发现1例少许的晚幼粒细胞;从15例WBC+RBC+Hb+PLT异常血片中,分别发现1例偶见巨核细胞,1例特发性血小板减少性紫癜和1例再生障碍性贫血。结论鞋业苯作业工人的WBC、RBC、PLT和Hb均受一定影响,制鞋企业应重视职工健康体检尤其是血常规检测,及早发现敏感人群并有效干预。
Objective To analyze blood routine test results of workers exposed to benzene in footwear industry and to explore the factors influencing the abnormality of blood routine. Methods A total of 18 866 benzene-exposed workers in the footwear industry were selected as the exposure group, and 18 800 workers without benzene exposure during the same period were selected as the control group. The abnormalities of blood were compared between the two groups and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results The abnormal detection rates of WBC, RBC, Hb and PLT in the exposed group were higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of blood abnormalities in workers whose working years were more than 10 years old was higher than that of workers who worked in benzene for less than 1 year (P <0.05). Among the workers who worked in benzene, The risk of abnormalities was higher than that of stereotypes (P <0.05). One case of late promyelocytic cells was found from abnormal WBC abnormal blood film. One case of rare megakaryocyte was found from 15 WBC + RBC + Hb + PLT abnormal blood films, Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and 1 case of aplastic anemia. Conclusion WBC, RBC, PLT and Hb of workers exposed to benzene in footwear industry are all affected to some extent. Footwear enterprises should attach importance to health examination of workers, especially blood test, and detect sensitive people early and effectively.