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名誉侵权诉讼是媒体批评监督权受限的表现方式之一,媒体机构面对指控是否必然承担侵权责任,与诉讼制度设计相关。司法实践表明,诉讼制度一定程度上已成为媒体开展正当监督而面临侵权指控时承担不利后果的重要影响因素。媒体负苛刻举证责任使得媒体由于不能有力举证导致侵权高风险,反诉、抗诉制度对阻却恶意的名誉权诉讼作用微弱,二审终审制因为地方权力因素干预而不利于异地媒体监督所引发侵权纠纷的公正判决。
Reputation infringement litigation is one of the manifestations of limited media supervision rights supervision. Media organizations face the responsibility of infringement whether the accusation is inevitably related to the design of litigation system. Judicial practice shows that the litigation system has, to some extent, become an important factor for the media to carry out proper supervision and bear adverse consequences in the face of allegations of infringement. The negative accusation of the media makes the media unable to provide strong evidence to infringe the high risk. The counterclaim and the protest system play a weak role in blocking the malicious reputation right litigation. The second instance trial adjudication system is unfavorable to the fairness of infringement disputes caused by the remote media supervision judgment.