The bioactive α-Ca3 (PO4)2 bone cement was studied by XRD , SEM and isothermal calorimetric measurements. The results showed that a mixed pattern of TCP and hydroxylapatite were obtained after hydration and hardening. The mechanism of hydration and hardening of the α-Ca3 ( PO4 )2 was dissolution-precipitation,(NH4) H2 PO4 was the best set accelerator to the α-Ca3 ( PO4 )2 cement, and the HAP powers and the(NH4) H2 PO4 concentration had a great effect on the hydration rate of α-Ca3 ( PO4 )2.