New nucleos(t)ide analogues(NAs) with high genetic barrier to hepatitis B virus(HBV) resistance(such as entecavir, tenofovir) have improved the prognosis of patients with HBV decompensated cirrhosis and have prevented HBV recurrence after liver transplantation(LT). NAs are considered the most proper approach for HBV infection in patients under renal replacement therapy but their doses should be adjusted according to the patient’s creatinine clearance. In addition, physi-cians should be aware of the potential nephrotoxicity. However, patients with chronic hepatitis C and decom-pensated cirrhosis can receive only one therapeutic option before LT, as well as for Hepatitis C virus(HCV) recurrence after LT, which is the combination of sub-cutaneous Peg-IFN and ribavirin. Generally, therapy for HCV after renal transplantation should be avoided. Although the optimal antiviral therapy for HCV infec-tion has not been established, attention has turned to a new, oral direct acting antiviral treatment which marks a promising strategy in prognosis and in amelioration of these diseases. New nucleos (t) ide analogues (NAs) with high genetic barrier to hepatitis B virus (HBV) resistance (such as entecavir, tenofovir) have improved the prognosis of patients with HBV decompensated cirrhosis and have been prevented HBV recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) NAs are considered the most proper approach for HBV infection in patients under renal replacement therapy but their doses should be adjusted according to the patient’s creatinine clearance. However, patients with chronic hepatitis C and decom-pensated cirrhosis can receive only one therapeutic option before LT, as well as for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence after LT, which is the combination of sub-cutaneous Peg-IFN and ribavirin. Generally, therapy for HCV after renal transplantation the beating to a new, oral direct acting antiviral treat ment which marks a promising strategy in prognosis and in amelioration of these diseases.