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惟有通过国际上的共同行动 ,引起全球关注的许多问题才能得到成功的解决。但是 ,如果避开了分配、公平和正义问题 ,我们能够找到实际而行之有效的解决办法吗 ?自由传统认为 ,即使仅仅纯粹是为谋求私利 ,为产生全球公共利益而进行某种国际合作和强制行动也是有可能的。本文认为 ,公平必须是国际合作框架的核心。对于公平的潜在价值 ,可以从三个不同的层次予以思考。首先 ,公平和正义促进了合作行动 ,这种行动本身就是提供公共利益所需要的。尽管社会凝聚力或许不是提供公共利益的绝对先决条件 ,但它的价值在于使合作更容易进行并赋予全球规则以更大程度的合法性和持久性。其次 ,如果制度被视为是合理而公平的 ,各国就会自愿参与进去 ;否则 ,它们单独或共同的支持就会趋于不足以使这种制度良好运转 ,或者使它根本无法运转。第三 ,全球公平本身就是一种公共利益 ,没有合作或强制行动 ,这种利益就可能会供应不足。
Only through common international action can many issues of global concern be successfully resolved. But can we find a practical and effective solution, without the problems of distribution, fairness and justice? The liberal tradition believes that even if it is purely for personal gain, some kind of international cooperation for the sake of the global public interest and Mandatory action is also possible. This paper argues that fairness must be the core of the framework of international cooperation. There are three different levels of thinking about the potential value of fairness. First, fairness and justice promote cooperative actions that are themselves required for the public good. Although social cohesion may not be the absolute prerequisite for providing public goods, its value lies in making cooperation easier and giving the global rules a greater degree of legitimacy and permanence. Second, if the system is seen as justified and fair, nations voluntarily participate in it; otherwise, their separate or common backing tends to be insufficient to make the system work well or to make it impossible at all. Third, global equity is itself a public interest. Without cooperation or coercive action, such interests may be under-supplied.