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所谓迟发性肌肉酸痛(DOMS)就是进行不习惯运动以后1—5天在肌肉所发生的疼痛和僵硬的感觉。DOMS能从两方面对肌肉运动能力产生有害影响,一方面由于随意用力的减弱,另一方面由于肌肉内部产生力量的能力下降,这种运动能力的下降是暂时的,不出现永久性损害。很多临床表现与DOMS有牵连,其中有血清酶的升高、肌红蛋白血症、肌肉组织学和超微结构的异常,而用力后骨骼肌溶解可能是DOMS的最严重形式。目前对DOMS最好的治疗方法是肌肉活动,虽然运动后这种感觉还会再现,对能引起DOMS的特殊收缩活动进行训练能减少酸痛的反映。DOMS的病因和细胞机制是不清楚的,但有很多假说解释这种现象,有如下的假说1)在肌肉收缩/弹性系统中,由于高张力(尤其伴随离心性运动)造成结构的损害。2)细胞膜的损害导致受害肌纤维Ca~(++)稳定状态的破坏,进而造成坏死,大约在运动后2天坏死达到高峰。3)巨噬细胞活动的产物和细胞内含物在间质中的堆积,刺激了肌肉中Ⅳ类感觉神经的游离神经末稍引起DOMS的感觉。
The so-called delayed muscular soreness (DOMS) is the feeling of pain and stiffness in the muscles 1-5 days after being unused to exercise. DOMS can have a detrimental effect on muscle movement in two ways, on the one hand as a result of weakening at will, on the one hand, and on the other hand as a result of a decrease in the ability of the muscles to produce power, which is temporary and without permanent damage. Many clinical manifestations are linked to DOMS, including elevated serum enzymes, myoglobinmia, muscle histology, and ultrastructural abnormalities, whereas skeletal muscle lysis after exertion may be the most severe form of DOMS. At present, the best treatment for DOMS is muscle activity. Although this feeling reappears after exercise, the training of special contractions that can cause DOMS can reduce the pain reaction. The etiology and cellular mechanisms of DOMS are unclear, but many hypotheses explain this phenomenon, with the following hypotheses: 1) Structural damage due to high tension (especially with eccentric exercise) in muscle contraction / elasticity systems. 2) The damage of the cell membrane leads to the destruction of the stable state of injured muscle fiber Ca ~ (++), which then causes necrosis and reaches the peak about 2 days after exercise. 3) The accumulation of macrophage-activating products and cellular contents in the interstitium stimulates the free nerve endings of the class IV sensory nerves in the muscles to cause DOMS sensations.