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为了给延安山地苹果园的管理和害虫防治提供参考,选取延安市柳林镇山地苹果园为研究样地,于2011年9月、2011年11月、2012年3月、2012年6月,在示范园、常规园、撂荒地,通过手拣法对大型土壤动物进行采集和分离,分析延安山地苹果园四季大型土壤动物的群落组成及其季节动态等。共获取土壤动物标本418只,隶属于3门5纲11目,其中鞘翅目幼虫4科、鞘翅目成虫5科。结果表明,鞘翅目幼虫、鞘翅目成虫、双尾目、柄眼目、膜翅目为优势类群;双翅目、鳞翅目、蜈蚣目为常见类群。在山地苹果园,土壤动物在类群数、个体数量上有较大差异;土壤动物在分布上表现出较明显的成层性特征,一般随着土层的加深而呈现出递减的趋势,并且类群数和个体数随季节的变化而发生变化,显示了大型土壤动物对苹果不同栽植模式和管理措施的响应情况。
In order to provide references for the management and pest control of apple orchards in Yan’an Mountains, the apple orchards in the mountainous area of Liulin Town, Yan’an City were selected as the research sites. In September 2011, November 2011, March 2012 and June 2012, Demonstration garden, conventional garden and wasteland. The macro-fauna was collected and separated by hand picking method. The community composition and seasonal dynamics of macro-fauna in four seasons of apple orchard in Yanan were analyzed. A total of 418 soil animal specimens were collected, belonging to 3 classes, 5 classes and 11 orders, of which 4 were Coleoptera larvae and 5 were Coleoptera adults. The results showed that Coleoptera larvae, Coleoptera adults, two-tailed orders, stalk-eye and Hymenoptera were the dominant groups. Diptera, Lepidoptera and centipede were the common groups. In the mountain apple orchard, soil fauna has large differences in the number of taxa and individuals; the distribution of soil fauna shows obvious stratigraphic characteristics, which generally shows a decreasing trend with the deepening of soil layers, The numbers and individuals vary with the seasons, showing the response of large soil animals to different planting patterns and management practices of apples.