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一、大型船坞的必要性和现况世界各国对石油的需要量与年俱增。因为原油的运费占石油售价的15—20%,所以迫切需要以大型油轮来降低其运费。就是说,油轮越大,运费越低。日本的造船工业,于1956年跃居世界首位,目前输出船舶之数量已占全世界的一半以上。日本的各大造船厂均相继建造大型船坞、更新设备和节省劳力,进一步促进了日本造船工业的发展。日本全国的载重吨在15万吨以上的造、修船坞见表1。
I. The Necessity and Status of Large Docks The demand of all countries in the world for oil has been increasing year by year. Because crude oil freight accounts for 15-20% of the selling price of oil, there is an urgent need to reduce its freight costs with large oil tankers. In other words, the larger the tanker, the lower the shipping cost. Japan’s shipbuilding industry, which jumped to the top of the world in 1956, has now exported more than half of the world’s ships. Japan’s major shipbuilders have successively built large docks, updated equipment and labor-saving, further promoting the development of Japan’s shipbuilding industry. Japan’s national deadweight above 150,000 tons made, repair docks see Table 1.