1 前言节约能源是我国经济发展的一项长远战略方针。1990年我国第一次能源产量已达10.4亿吨标准煤,位居世界第三位,但由于我国人口众多,人均占有量少,能源利用率低,造成能源供需矛盾紧张,缺口较大,限制了国民经济的迅速发展。我国的能源结构目前以煤为主,而且在相当长的时期内不会发生显著改变。我国水电资源丰富,但由于建设周期长,受投资所限,近期内也不会有较大的发展。石油和天然气探明储量有限,在相当一 1 Preface Saving energy is a long-term strategic guideline for China’s economic development. In 1990, China’s energy output reached 1.04 billion tons of standard coal for the first time, ranking the third in the world. However, due to the large population in our country, less per capita possession and low energy utilization rate, resulting in the tension between supply and demand of energy and the shortfall, The rapid development of the national economy. The energy mix in our country is dominated by coal and will not change significantly over a long period of time. China is rich in hydropower resources, but due to the long construction period and limited investment, there will not be any great development in the near future. Proven reserves of oil and gas are limited, at a comparable level