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目的:探讨肥胖对PICU机械通气患儿预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析2015年6月1日至2020年6月1日入住重庆医科大学附属儿童医院PICU使用机械通气的患儿301例。根据世界卫生组织公布的生长发育标准，将患儿分为肥胖组(49例)、超重组(96例)和体重正常组(156例)。观察临床结局指标包括PICU病死率、机械通气时间、PICU住院时间、总住院时间及机械通气>21 d、气管再插管、气管切开、呼吸机相关性肺炎、中心静脉导管感染、深静脉血栓、压疮等发生情况，并分析肥胖对PICU患儿住院死亡的影响。结果:肥胖组、超重组、体重正常组PICU病死率(2.0%、10.4%、12.2%)、气管再插管率(14.3%、5.2%、9.0%)、气管切开率(2.0%、1.0%、2.6%)、深静脉血栓发生率(8.2%、3.1%、5.8%)、压疮发生率(4.1%、7.3%、1.9%)差异均无统计学意义(均n P>0.05)。3组患儿均未发生呼吸机相关性肺炎和中心静脉导管感染。3组患儿机械通气时间、PICU住院时间、总住院时间，差异无统计学意义(n P均>0.05)。肥胖不是PICU机械通气患儿住院死亡的独立危险因素(n B＝1.975，n SE＝1.038，n OR＝7.206，95%n CI 0.942~55.127，n P＝0.057)。n 结论:肥胖不延长患儿的机械通气时间、PICU住院时间和总住院时间，不增加机械通气>21 d、气管再插管、气管切开、呼吸机相关性肺炎、中心静脉导管感染、静脉血栓、压疮等发生率，肥胖不是PICU机械通气患儿住院死亡的独立危险因素。“,”Objective:To evaluate the effect of obesity on in-hospital prognosis of patients with mechanical ventilation in PICU.Methods:We enrolled 301 patients who received mechanical ventilation treatment in PICU at Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children′s Hospital, between June 2015 and June 2020, and stratified them into obese group(49 cases), overweight group(96 cases)and normal weight group(156 cases). Obesity was determined by reference to the growth and development standards published by the World Health Organization.Indicators included PICU hospital mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in the PICU, length of stay in hospital and the rates of duration of mechanical ventilation>21 days, re-intubation, tracheotomy, ventilator-associated pneumonia, central venous catheter infection, deep venous thrombosis and pressure ulcers were observed.The influence of obesity on hospitalized prognosis of children in PICU was analyzed.Results:In obesity group, overweight group and normal weight group, PICU hospital mortality(2.0%, 10.4%, 12.2%), the rate of tracheal reintubation(14.3%, 5.2%, 9.0%), the rate of tracheotomy (2.0%, 1.0%, 2.6%), the rate of deep venous thrombosis(8.2%, 3.1%, 5.8%), and the rate of pressure ulcers(4.1%, 7.3%, 1.9%) did not have significant difference(all n P>0.05). No ventilator-associated pneumonia and central venous catheter infection occurred in three groups.There were no significant differences in the PICU hospital mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in the PICU, length of stay in hospital among the three groups(alln P>0.05). Obesity was not an independent risk factor for in-hospital death in PICU patients on mechanical ventilation(n B=1.975, n SE=1.038, n OR=7.206, 95%n CI 0.942~55.127, n P=0.057).n Conclusion:Obesity does not prolong the duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in PICU and total length of stay in hospital, as well as not increase the rate of duration of mechanical ventilation>21 days, re-intubation, tracheotomy, ventilator-associated pneumonia, central venous catheter infection, deep venous thrombosis and pressure ulcers.Obesity is not an independent influencing factor for in-hospital death in patients with mechanical ventilation in PICU.