In the knowledge economy era,science and technology(S&T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity.As such,the spatial distribution of S&T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities.By designing an input-output indicator system,this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S&T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency.Moreover,the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S&T resources in China.Major findings are:1) the input and output of S&T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure,i.e.,concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River;2) the efficiency of S&T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities,with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters;3) the utilization rates of S&T resources in most provinces are quite low,resulting in low efficiency of S&T resources allocation.The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S&T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S&T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S&T resources in China. In the knowledge economy era, science and technology (S & T) resources are getting more and more important in shaping regional competiveness and building regional innovation capacity. As such, the spatial distribution of S & T resources is a key to understanding regional development and disparities. an input-output indicator system, this paper develops an evaluation model to examine the spatial distribution of S & T resources in China and assess their spatial efficiency. Moreover, the paper tries to explain spatial differences in the efficiency of S & T resources in China. : 1) the input and output of S & T resources in China shows a clear T-shaped spatial structure, ie, concentrated mainly in the coastal region and along the Changjiang (Yangtze) River; 2) the efficiency of S & T resources in China displays strong spatial disparities, with the level of efficiency descending from the east to the west while high efficiency appearing in only several clusters; 3) the utilization rates of S & T resources in most provinces are quite low, resulting in low efficiency of S & T resources allocation. The paper suggests that the utilization rate of S & T resources should be raised and the commercialization of S & T outputs should be enhanced to improve the efficiency of S & T resources in China .