极低出生体重儿脑室内出血的发病率是30～45％,缺血性损伤的发病率大约18％。在体重500～1500g婴儿中,新生儿死亡率是40％,在幸存者中脑损伤的发病率是12％。为了改善极低出生体重儿的预后,必须找出预防缺氧缺血性脑损伤或减少其危害的方法。本文目的就是评价早期大剂量苯巴比妥治疗是否能减轻极低出生体重儿缺氧缺血性脑病早期和晚期的表现。研究对象为赫尔辛基大学儿童医院新生儿重症监护单位孕周≥25周,体重≤1500g的早产儿。101例婴儿随机地分为治疗组(47例)和对照组(54例)。生后第一、三、五和七天作颅脑的实时超声,每周作一次放射学检查。在生后尽可能早期应用苯巴比妥,平均给药时间为110分钟,首次剂量15mg/kg,静脉输注15 The incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight children is 30-45%, and the incidence of ischemic injury is about 18%. In infants weighing 500-1500 g, the neonatal mortality rate is 40% and the incidence of brain injury in survivors is 12%. In order to improve the prognosis of very low birth weight infants, it is necessary to find ways to prevent or reduce the harm of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether early high-dose phenobarbital treatment can reduce early and late hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in very-low birth weight infants. Subjects were neonatal intensive care units at Helsinki University Children’s Hospital with gestational weeks ≥25 weeks and preterm infants weighing ≤1500g. One hundred and ten infants were randomly divided into treatment group (n = 47) and control group (n = 54). First, third, fifth and seven days after birth for real-time brain ultrasound, once a week for radiological examination. As soon as possible after birth, phenobarbital, the average administration time of 110 minutes, the first dose of 15mg / kg, intravenous infusion of 15