一、复合材料的定义及种类 复合材料由两种或两种以上性能不同的材料所构成,其中的每一种组成材料称为复合材料的“组分”。包容组分称为基体材料(简称基体),而被包容组分称为增强材料(增强剂),基体与增强材料的结合面称为界面。这些组分虽然在宏观上彼此牢固地结合成为一个整体,但它们之间、既未发生化学反应也不互相溶解,通常各组分在其界面上可以物理地区分出来,所以复合材料是一种多相材料。 复合材料在工程上主要是指一种材料以人工均匀地分散在另一种材料中,以克服单一材料的某些弱点,发挥综合性能而言。一般来说,是由较强的、脆性的、高模量的增 First, the definition and types of composite materials Composites composed of two or more different properties of materials, each of which is called the composite materials, “components.” Inclusive components known as the matrix material (referred to as the matrix), while the inclusion of components known as reinforcing material (reinforcing agent), the matrix and the reinforcing material is called the interface of the interface. Although these components are macroscopically firmly integrated with each other to form a unitary body, neither chemical reaction nor mutual dissolution occurs between them. Usually, the components are physically distinguishable at the interface, so the composite material is a Multiphase materials. Composites in engineering mainly refers to a material to be artificially and evenly dispersed in another material to overcome some of the weaknesses of a single material, to play a comprehensive performance terms. In general, by the strong, brittle, high modulus increase