我国主要蔬菜的养分吸收和需求特征

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研究我国主要蔬菜养分需求对建立蔬菜推荐施肥新方法至关重要.本文采用文献检索和实地调查采样、测定相结合的方法,依据QUEFTS模型分析了露地白菜、露地萝卜、设施番茄和露地大葱产量与养分吸收之间的关系,获得养分吸收最佳曲线,估算单位蔬菜产量的养分最佳需求量.结果表明,4种蔬菜的产量、养分吸收量和养分内效率(IE)变异很大.白菜平均产量为84.3 t·hm-2(n=2758),地上部N、P、K养分累积量分别为176.4、33.6、208.4 kg·hm-2,IE值分别为539.3、2901.6、458.2 kg·kg-1,生产1 t白菜N、P、K最佳需求量分别为1.96、0.41、2.39 kg;萝卜肉质根平均产量为63.5 t·hm-2(n=2288),N、P、K养分吸收量分别为155.4、30.9、217.9 kg·hm-2,IE值分别为455.0、2328.7、361.9 kg·kg-1,生产1 t萝卜肉质根N、P、K最佳需求量分别为2.2、0.4、2.6 kg;设施番茄平均产量为85.0 t·hm-2(n=703),N、P、K养分吸收量分别为213.5、55.1、352.1 kg·hm-2,IE值分别为458.2、1941.5、287.9 kg·kg-1,生产1 t设施番茄果实N、P、K最佳需求量分别为2.19、0.56、3.36 kg;大葱平均经济产量为60.4 t·hm-2(n=976),N、P、K养分吸收量分别为128.8、18.9、117.7 kg·hm-2,IE值分别为503.7、3368.7、593.3 k·kg-1,生产1 t大葱N、P、K最佳需求量分别为1.92、0.28、1.69 kg.
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