中国的铁路改革历经了近十年,内部的运营效率有所提高,但其根本性的市场化体制却尚未建立。本文根据中国铁路运输市场的特点,借鉴美国铁路改革的经验,和国内一些运营较为成功的地方铁路,提出了中国铁路自下而上的改革的路径。即在新兴市场和市场容量有较大增长空间的成熟市场,逐步引入民间资本,建立民营铁路公司,渐进地拓展至全国铁路网。 After nearly a decade of railway reform in China, its internal operating efficiency has risen. However, its fundamental market-oriented system has not yet been established. Based on the characteristics of China’s railway transport market, drawing lessons from the experience of the U.S. railway reform and some successful domestic railways in operation, this paper puts forward the path of bottom-up reform of China’s railways. That is, in emerging markets and mature markets with large market capacity growth, private capital is gradually introduced to establish private railway companies and the railway network is gradually expanded to the national railway network.