Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CRP/ALB), platelet count and C-reactive protein product (P-CRP) and clinical prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2015, 284 patients who underwent surgery for lung cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College were selected. According to their 3-year and 5-year survival conditions, ROC curves were drawn and the best cut-off value was determined. According to the cut-off value, the patients were divided into high CRP/ALB group, low CRP/ALB group, high P-CRP group and low P-CRP group. Survival curves were described by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by Log-rank test. The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with the Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the prognostic factors. Results: Survival analysis showed that there was no significant difference in 3-year survival rate between high CRP/ALB and P-CRP groups and low CRP/ALB and P-CRP groups, while the 5-year survival rate in high CRP/ALB and P-CRP groups was significantly lower than that in low CRP/ALB and P-CRP groups. Cox proportional hazard model showed that CRP/ALB, age, smoking history, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage were risk factors for 5-year survival rate. Conclusion: as a prognostic index based on inflammation, preoperative CRP/ALB level can better reflect the prognosis of patients than P-CRP.