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目的探讨中小微型企业流动工人职业卫生知识、个人防护用品(PPE)使用态度和行为现状及3者间相互关系,为职业健康促进干预提供参考。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样法抽取广东省中小微型企业接触职业有害因素流动工人853名,调查其职业卫生知识、PPE使用态度和行为状况。结果 被调查流动工人职业卫生知识得分为(6.93±1.74)分;主要接触粉尘、有机溶剂工人中分别有65.72%、62.40%的工人认为工作中有必要使用PPE,分别有21.25%、16.80%的工人能有效使用PPE;中型企业流动工人的职业卫生相关知识、企业免费提供PPE时工人PPE有效使用率较高(P<0.001);工人PPE使用态度与行为之间呈正相关(Spearman等级相关系数分别为0.317、0.305,P<0.001),但接触不同有害因素工人的知识与态度、行为之间关系不同。结论 应加强对中小微型企业职业卫生监督管理,有重点地开展职业健康教育培训,增强流动工人个体防护意识,提高工人健康水平。
Objective To explore the occupational health knowledge, personal use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the current situation of the behavior among migrant workers in small and medium-sized enterprises and their interrelationship so as to provide reference for occupational health promotion intervention. Methods 853 migrant workers with exposure to occupational hazards in small and medium-sized micro-enterprises of Guangdong Province were sampled by multi-stage stratified sampling method to investigate occupational health knowledge, PPE use attitude and behavior status. RESULTS: The occupational health knowledge of migrant workers was (6.93 ± 1.74) points, 65.72% of them were mainly exposed to dust and organic solvents, while 62.40% of workers thought it necessary to use PPE in their work, 21.25% and 16.80% respectively Workers have effective use of PPE; Occupational health-related knowledge of migrant workers in mid-sized enterprises shows that PPE has a higher effective utilization rate (PPI) when PPE is provided free of charge (P <0.001); Workers PPE use attitudes and behaviors have a positive correlation (Spearman rank correlation coefficient 0.317,0.305, P <0.001). However, the relationship between knowledge, attitude and behavior of workers exposed to different harmful factors is different. Conclusion The supervision and management of occupational health in small and medium-sized enterprises should be strengthened. Occupational health education and training should be carried out emphatically. The awareness of individual workers in migrant workers should be enhanced and the workers’ health should be improved.