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在20世纪前期,面对现代资本主义历史发展给人类社会和人类自身带来的巨大灾难和沉重伤害,本雅明从历史灾难学的理论视角深刻批判了历史主义进步观,不仅向迷信历史进步的现代人表明了历史主义进步观是一种虚假的资产阶级意识形态和现代性灾难的思想根源,而且揭露出整个现代资本主义社会惯常地处于一种废墟堆积、灾难重重的“紧急状态”。在批判历史主义进步观的同时,本雅明还从主体、内容、概念、本质四个层面上,重新建构了一种辩证的、反进步主义的历史进步观,力图打断资本主义历史连续进步的史诗般进程,促使人类走出历史灾难的深渊,实现人类的彻底救赎和历史的真正进步。本雅明对历史主义进步观的批判与重建,鲜明地体现了他的马克思主义政治哲学立场,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。
In the first half of the 20th century, Benjamin profoundly criticized the historicism concept of progress from the theoretical perspective of historical catastrophe in the face of the tremendous catastrophe and heavy damage caused to human society and mankind by the historical development of modern capitalism. Benjamin not only insisted on the historical progress of superstition The modern people show that the historicism is a false ideological root cause of the bourgeois ideology and the modernity disaster. It also reveals that the entire modern capitalist society is habitually in a state of “emergency” with heavy debris and ruins, . While criticizing the progress of historicism, Benjamin also reconstructed a dialectical and anti-progressive view of historical progress from the four aspects of subject, content, concept and essence, trying to interrupt the continuous progress of capitalist history The epic process has prompted mankind to emerge from the abyss of a historic disaster and realize the complete redemption of mankind and the true progress of history. Benjamin’s critique and reconstruction of the historicist progress concept clearly embodies his Marxist political and philosophical position, which has important theoretical and practical significance.