明末清初时期社会动荡,中国的科技发展速度相对放缓,军事技术已经开始落后于西方。清朝建立之后,继续沿用明朝大部分禁海政策,使得原本有一定基础的造船业越发落后,与西方同期的造船业相比已有较大的差距,即使鸦片战争的失败也未能让当时的满清统治者完全认识到中西军事技术上的巨大差距。近代世界范围内先后发生过六次军事革命,第三次军事革命发生在19世纪后半期到20世纪初期,与中国的洋务运动时期基本相当,发生的地区主要是欧洲、北美和东亚。这一时期,后装枪炮取代前装枪炮,无烟火药取代黑火药,蒸汽舰船取代木制帆船……海军开始进入“大炮巨舰”时代,以马汉“海权论”为代表的战略理论影响重大。 Social turmoil in the late Ming and early Qing, China’s relative slowdown in the rate of development of science and technology, military technology has begun to lag behind in the West. After the Qing Dynasty was established, it continued to use most of the Ming Dynasty’s forbidden sea policy, making the shipbuilding industry, which was originally based on a certain basis, more and more backward. Compared with the shipbuilding industry in the same period in the West, there was a big gap. Even if the Opium War failed, Manchu ruler fully realized the great gap between Chinese and Western military technology. Six modern military revolutions took place in the modern world. The third military revolution took place in the latter half of the 19th century to the early 20th century, basically in line with the Westernization Movement in China. The areas that occurred were mainly Europe, North America and East Asia. During this period, after the installation of guns to replace the pre-installed guns, smokeless gunpowder to replace black powder, steam ships to replace the wooden sailboats ... ... The Navy began to enter the “cannon giant” era, Mahan "As the representative of the strategic theory of great influence.