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我国铁路运输业一直被视作最接近于完全垄断的行业。然而,由于面临来自其它运输方式的激烈竞争,其垄断程度未必像人们想象的那么高。对我国铁路运输业的垄断程度进行测度的实证结果表明,其实际垄断程度和人们的想象的确有一定差距。对我国铁路运输业垄断程度的变动趋势进行分析,发现其总体趋势是不断下降的。当前,交通运输市场放开所引起的竞争潜能已基本释放完毕,在业内引入新的竞争主体将可能成为今后促进我国铁路运输业总体垄断程度继续下降的重要举措。
China’s rail transport industry has always been regarded as the closest to a completely monopolized industry. However, due to the fierce competition from other means of transport, the monopoly may not be as high as people think. The empirical results on the degree of monopoly of China’s railway transportation industry show that there is indeed a certain gap between the actual degree of monopoly and people’s imagination. Analysis of the trend of monopolization of railway transportation in our country shows that the overall trend is declining. At present, the potential for competition brought about by the liberalization of the transportation market has basically been released. Introducing new competitors in the industry may become an important measure to further reduce the overall monopoly of railway transportation in the future.