针对大型上单翼飞机在飞行过程中机翼大挠度变形检测难题,提出了大倾角相机视场下机翼的非接触三维全场变形测量方案。根据上单翼飞机结构特点,将预先标定内参数和相机外参数的共轭相机组安装于飞机垂直尾翼上,采集飞行中的机翼变形图像。首先,提出了大倾角弱相关散斑匹配方法,解决了相机在大倾斜角度状态下采集到的机翼变形弱相关图像相关性差,难以相关匹配的问题。其次,由于测量相机安装于垂直尾翼,飞行测量过程中相机会受到气流扰动产生振动,本文提出了一种相机动态校正方法,通过在机背布置预拉伸刚性不动编码标志点,实时解算基准相机的绝对外参数,进而确定共轭相机的绝对外参数,实现所有测量相机外参数的动态校正。最后,开发了机翼变形全场测量软硬件系统,搭建了缩小比例机翼模型试验台并进行了仿真测量,对系统测量精度进行了比对分析。测量结果验证了本方案的有效性、可行性,对实机测量有一定的指导意义。 Aiming at the large wing deformation detection problem of large upper wing monoplane during flight, a non-contact three-dimensional full-field deformation measurement scheme of the wing under large angle camera is put forward. According to the structure characteristics of the single-wing aircraft, the conjugate camera set pre-calibrated with the internal parameters and the external parameters of the camera is installed on the vertical tail of the aircraft to collect the wing deformation images in flight. Firstly, the method of large-angle and weak-correlation speckle matching is proposed to solve the problem that the correlation between the weakly deformed images of the wings and the images acquired by the camera at high tilt angles is poor and the matching is difficult. Secondly, because the camera is mounted on the vertical tail, the camera will be disturbed by the air flow during the flight measurement. A dynamic camera calibration method is proposed in this paper. The absolute external parameters of the reference camera and then the absolute external parameters of the conjugate camera are determined to realize the dynamic correction of all the external parameters of the measured camera. Finally, the hardware and software system of wing deformation field measurement was developed, the reduced-scale wing model test rig was set up, the simulation measurement was carried out, and the measurement accuracy of the system was compared and analyzed. The measurement results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of this scheme and have certain guiding significance for real machine measurement.