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目的了解甘肃省甘南藏族自治州(简称甘南州)乙型肝炎流行病学特征,为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法通过传染病疫情网络直报系统及甘南州乙型肝炎疫情监测资料,回顾性分析近6年甘南州乙型肝炎在年龄、性别、职业、季节和地区等方面的分布特征。结果近6年来甘南州报告病毒性肝炎8 566例,其中乙型肝炎7 493例,乙型肝炎年均发病率为181.86/10万(7 493/4 120 321),发病率由2010年的321.72/10万(2 158/670 769)降至2015年的81.92/10万(569/694 580),差异有统计学意义(χ2=984.41,P<0.01);男女性别比1.06∶1(3 850∶3 643),女性发病略高于男性,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.10,P>0.01);乙型肝炎发病无明显季节性,但具有明显的地域性,发病以农民和牧民为主,差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 285.16,P<0.01);未分型的乙型肝炎所占比例最高,青壮年人群是乙型肝炎的高危人群,1岁以下的婴儿发病较高,1~4岁组最低,5~9岁、10~14岁两个年龄组发病维持在较低水平且明显低于其他年龄组。结论甘南州乙型肝炎常年散发流行,发病率呈现明显下降趋势,但仍维持在较高水平,应继续加强乙型肝炎疫苗的接种、健康教育和疫情监测工作,有效防控甘南州乙型肝炎疫情扩散和蔓延。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province (referred to as Gannan Prefecture) for providing scientific basis for effective prevention and control measures. Methods The distribution characteristics of hepatitis B in Gannan Prefecture in terms of age, sex, occupation, season and area were retrospectively analyzed through the network reporting system of infectious diseases and the monitoring data of hepatitis B in Gannan Prefecture. Results In the past 6 years, Gannan Prefecture reported 8 566 cases of viral hepatitis, of which 7 493 cases were hepatitis B and the annual average incidence of hepatitis B was 181.86 / 100 000 (7 493/4 120 321). The incidence of hepatitis B increased from 321.72 / 100000 (2 158/670 769) to 81.92 / 100000 (569/694 580) in 2015, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 984.41, P <0.01) : 3 643), the incidence of women was slightly higher than that of males (χ2 = 0.10, P> 0.01). The incidence of hepatitis B was not significantly seasonal but with obvious geographical features. The incidence of peasants and herdsmen , The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 1 285.16, P <0.01); the highest proportion of undifferentiated hepatitis B, young adults were at high risk of hepatitis B, the incidence of infants under 1 year old was higher, 1 The lowest in the group of ~ 4 years old, the age of 5 ~ 9 years old and the age of 10 ~ 14 years in the two age groups maintained at a low level and was significantly lower than the other age groups. Conclusions Hepatitis B in Gannan prefecture is endemic for a long time and the incidence shows a significant downward trend, but it remains at a high level. Hepatitis B vaccination, health education and epidemic situation monitoring should continue to be strengthened to effectively prevent and treat Hepatitis B The epidemic spread and spread.