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探月工程二期,巡视探测器将在月面着陆,实现真正的月面停留。月面不同区域的着陆安全性研究必不可少。分析了月面高精度数字地形特征和规律,着陆器姿态模型、着陆面包络模型和着陆安全性分析算法。采用蒙特卡罗方法,依据实际月面地形特征、月球坑和石块的统计分布规律,大量仿真生成地形数据,得到各种着陆条件参数下和不同着陆器倾斜角要求下对应的着陆安全概率。仿真实验中不考虑着陆器着陆过程中发动机控制、着陆姿态控制和动力学性能,同组实验中着陆器结构尺寸相同。所建立的算法可实现实时仿真生成着陆区域、设置着陆器结构尺寸和安全参数,可用于地面系统的仿真实验,也可在月面软着陆过程中实时分析选定区域的着陆安全概率。据此得到月球车最佳着陆点以及着陆器最佳着陆面和最佳着陆姿态的选取建议。
Lunar exploration project two, patrol detectors will land on the moon, to achieve a real lunar stay. Land area safety studies are indispensable in different areas. The characteristics and laws of lunar high-precision digital topography, landing attitude model, landing surface envelopment model and landing safety analysis algorithm are analyzed. Based on the actual lunar topography, statistic distribution of lunar pits and stones, a large number of simulations were performed to generate topographic data. The corresponding landing safety probabilities under different landing conditions and different slant angles were obtained. In the simulation experiment, the engine control, landing attitude control and dynamic performance are not considered in the landing process of the lander. The same size of lander structure is obtained in the same experiment. The proposed algorithm can generate real-time simulation landing area, set the structure size and safety parameters of lander, and can be used in the simulation of ground system. The probability of landing safety in selected areas can also be analyzed in real time during lunar soft landing. According to this, the best landing point of the lunar rover and the selection of the best landings and the best landing attitude of the lander are obtained.