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【摘要】由水的反膨胀现象,我们可以吃到美味的豆腐,由此产生美味佳肴,那么,这种美味是怎样形成的,我们知道,水有一种奇异的特性:在4摄氏度时,它的密度最大,体积最小,到零摄氏度时,结成了冰,它的体积不是缩小而是胀大,比常温时水的体积要大10%左右,当豆腐的温度降到0摄氏度以下时,里面的水分结成冰,原来的小孔便被冰撑大了,整块豆腐就被挤压成网络形状。等到冰融化成水从豆腐里跑掉以后,就留下了数不清的孔洞,使豆腐变得像泡沫塑料一样,冻豆腐经过烹调,这些孔洞里都灌进了汤汁,吃起来不但富有弹性,而且味道也格外鲜美可口。近年来,工业生产上出现了一种巧妙的新工艺——冰冻成形,也是冰冻膨胀原理的应用。
【关键词】密度;温度;冰冻;奇异;融化;膨胀
Porous frozen bean curd
Huang Yuanxiang
【Abstract】From the water counter-inflation phenomenon, we may eat the delicacy the bean curd, from this produces the delicacy delicacies, that how does this delicacy is form, we knew, Shui You one strange characteristic: When 4 degrees Celsius, its density is biggest, the volume is smallest, when to zero degree Celsius, has formed the ice, its volume is not the reduction, but swells, compared to normal temperature when the water volume wants about big 10%, when bean curd temperature drop to 0 degrees Celsius below, the inside moisture content forms the ice, the eyelet originally is then iced supports has been big, the entire block bean curd is extruded the network shape. When the undermelting turns into the water runs away after the bean curd, has left behind the innumerable hole, causes the bean curd becomes looks like the foam plastics to be the same, the frozen bean curd after the cooking, in these holes has rinsed the cooking liquor, not only eats the high resilience, moreover the flavor especially is also tasty deliciously. In recent years, the industrial production presented one ingenious new craft——to freeze the forming, was also freezes the inflation principle the application.
【Key words】Density; Temperature; Freezing; Strange; Melting; Inflation
寒冷的冬天,吃上一碗热乎乎的冻豆腐,那真算得上是一种别具风味的美菜啊!
豆腐本来是光滑细嫩的,冰冻以后,它的模样为什么会变得像泡沫塑料呢?
豆腐的内部有无数的小孔,这些小孔大小不一,有的互相连通,有的闭合成一个个小容器,这些小孔里面都充满了水分。我们知道,水有一种奇异的特性:在4摄氏度时,它的密度最大,体积最小,到零摄氏度时,结成了冰,它的体积不是缩小而是胀大,比常温时水的体积要大10%左右,当豆腐的温度降到0摄氏度以下时,里面的水分结成冰,原来的小孔便被冰撑大了,整块豆腐就被挤压成网络形状。等到冰融化成水从豆腐里跑掉以后,就留下了数不清的孔洞,使豆腐变得像泡沫塑料一样,冻豆腐经过烹调,这些孔洞里都灌进了汤汁,吃起来不但富有弹性,而且味道也格外鲜美可口。
很早以前,我国人们就已经懂得了冰冻膨胀的原来。并利用它来开采石头:冬天,他们在岩石缝里灌满水,让水结成冰膨大,把巨大的山石撑得四分五裂,很快就能采到大量的石料。
近年来,工业生产上出现了一种巧妙的新工艺——冰冻成形,也是冰冻膨胀原理的应用。办法是:根据零件的形状,用强度很大的金属,做一个凹形的金属板,做一个凹形的阴模和一个凸形的阳模。把要加工的金属板放在两个模的中间,在阳模和密闭的外壳之间,灌满4摄氏度左右的水,然后把这个装置冷却到0摄氏度以下。这时,由于水结成冰,体积膨胀,所产生的巨大力量把阳模压向阴模,便把金属板压成一定形状的部件了。
由于水在4摄氏度时的密度最大。体积最小,水温低于4摄氏度时体积反而增大,所以,在4摄氏度时水就不在上下对流了。因此,到冬季了,寒冷地区的江河湖海,表面上虽然结了厚厚的冰层,但下面水的温度却保持在4摄氏度左右,这就给水生物创造了生存的环境。
冰冻也会给人们带来危害,它能使水缸冻破,把自来水管冻裂等,因此,在冬季来临的时候,要及时做好保暖防冻的工作。
【关键词】密度;温度;冰冻;奇异;融化;膨胀
Porous frozen bean curd
Huang Yuanxiang
【Abstract】From the water counter-inflation phenomenon, we may eat the delicacy the bean curd, from this produces the delicacy delicacies, that how does this delicacy is form, we knew, Shui You one strange characteristic: When 4 degrees Celsius, its density is biggest, the volume is smallest, when to zero degree Celsius, has formed the ice, its volume is not the reduction, but swells, compared to normal temperature when the water volume wants about big 10%, when bean curd temperature drop to 0 degrees Celsius below, the inside moisture content forms the ice, the eyelet originally is then iced supports has been big, the entire block bean curd is extruded the network shape. When the undermelting turns into the water runs away after the bean curd, has left behind the innumerable hole, causes the bean curd becomes looks like the foam plastics to be the same, the frozen bean curd after the cooking, in these holes has rinsed the cooking liquor, not only eats the high resilience, moreover the flavor especially is also tasty deliciously. In recent years, the industrial production presented one ingenious new craft——to freeze the forming, was also freezes the inflation principle the application.
【Key words】Density; Temperature; Freezing; Strange; Melting; Inflation
寒冷的冬天,吃上一碗热乎乎的冻豆腐,那真算得上是一种别具风味的美菜啊!
豆腐本来是光滑细嫩的,冰冻以后,它的模样为什么会变得像泡沫塑料呢?
豆腐的内部有无数的小孔,这些小孔大小不一,有的互相连通,有的闭合成一个个小容器,这些小孔里面都充满了水分。我们知道,水有一种奇异的特性:在4摄氏度时,它的密度最大,体积最小,到零摄氏度时,结成了冰,它的体积不是缩小而是胀大,比常温时水的体积要大10%左右,当豆腐的温度降到0摄氏度以下时,里面的水分结成冰,原来的小孔便被冰撑大了,整块豆腐就被挤压成网络形状。等到冰融化成水从豆腐里跑掉以后,就留下了数不清的孔洞,使豆腐变得像泡沫塑料一样,冻豆腐经过烹调,这些孔洞里都灌进了汤汁,吃起来不但富有弹性,而且味道也格外鲜美可口。
很早以前,我国人们就已经懂得了冰冻膨胀的原来。并利用它来开采石头:冬天,他们在岩石缝里灌满水,让水结成冰膨大,把巨大的山石撑得四分五裂,很快就能采到大量的石料。
近年来,工业生产上出现了一种巧妙的新工艺——冰冻成形,也是冰冻膨胀原理的应用。办法是:根据零件的形状,用强度很大的金属,做一个凹形的金属板,做一个凹形的阴模和一个凸形的阳模。把要加工的金属板放在两个模的中间,在阳模和密闭的外壳之间,灌满4摄氏度左右的水,然后把这个装置冷却到0摄氏度以下。这时,由于水结成冰,体积膨胀,所产生的巨大力量把阳模压向阴模,便把金属板压成一定形状的部件了。
由于水在4摄氏度时的密度最大。体积最小,水温低于4摄氏度时体积反而增大,所以,在4摄氏度时水就不在上下对流了。因此,到冬季了,寒冷地区的江河湖海,表面上虽然结了厚厚的冰层,但下面水的温度却保持在4摄氏度左右,这就给水生物创造了生存的环境。
冰冻也会给人们带来危害,它能使水缸冻破,把自来水管冻裂等,因此,在冬季来临的时候,要及时做好保暖防冻的工作。