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“原初状态”(Original Position)是罗尔斯的公平正义理论的逻辑起点,是一种以达到某种确定的正义原则为目的的纯粹假设,有别于古典契约论的“自然状态”亦异于文明之初的原始状态。在这个订立契约的理想性背景中,最为特色鲜明的是其“无知之幕”(The Veil of Ignorance)的主观环境预设。虽然《正义论》(On Justice)从发表之初就备受内部的自由主义以及外部的社群主义的无情批判,但本文认为“无知之幕”与“原初状态”对我国当下法治建设与改革有着深刻的借鉴意义。
“Original Position ” is the logical starting point of Rawls ’s fairness and justice theory. It is a pure hypothesis aimed at reaching a definite principle of justice, which is different from the “natural state” of classical contract theory “Is also different from the original state of civilization. The most distinctive feature of this ideal context of the contract is its subjective environmental presupposition of The Veil of Ignorance. Although On Justice was criticized by internal liberalism and external communitarianism since its publication, this article holds that ”the curtain of ignorance“ and the ”original state" of the present state The construction and reform of the rule of law have deep reference significance.