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目的了解浙江省丽水市实行网络直报以来近几年法定传染病的发病趋势和流行特征。方法采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2005-2007年全市报告法定传染病27种41 663例,死亡69例,年均发病率549.95/10万,年均死亡率0.91/10万,病死率0.17%。2005年发病率594.12/10万,2006年发病率564.46/10万,2007年发病率558.12/10万,2005-2007年发病率呈逐年下降趋势(χ2=50.41,P<0.01)。其中甲类传染病16例、乙类25 786例、丙类15 861例,年均发病率分别为0.21/10万、344.20/10万、211.72/10万。各类传染病构成:血源及性传播传染病14 603例,占35.05%;呼吸道传染病13 728例,占传染病发病总数的32.95%;肠道传染病12 889例,占30.94%;自然疫源及虫媒传染病313例,占0.75%;其他类传染病132例,占0.32%。年均发病率居前5位的传染病依次为:其他感染性腹泻(139.74/10万),病毒性肝炎(117.46/10万),肺结核(76.07/10万),流行性腮腺炎(73.44/10万),梅毒(59.13/10万)。结论丽水市传染病防治工作任务仍然艰巨,重点防治是血源及性传播传染病、呼吸道传染病和肠道传染病。
Objective To understand the trend and epidemiological characteristics of legal notifiable diseases in recent years in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for analysis. Results The city reported 27 663 cases of notifiable infectious diseases in 2005-2007, with 69 cases dead, the average annual incidence was 549.95 / 100 000, with an annual average mortality of 0.91 / 100 000 and a case fatality rate of 0.17%. The incidence rate in 2005 was 594.12 / 100000, the incidence in 2006 was 564.46 / 100000, and the incidence in 2007 was 558.12 / 100000. The incidence in 2005-2007 decreased year by year (χ2 = 50.41, P <0.01). Among them, 16 were Class A infectious diseases, 25,786 Class B patients and 15,861 Class C patients, with an average annual incidence of 0.21 / 100,000, 344.20 / 100,000 and 211.72 / 100,000 respectively. 14 603 cases of blood and sexually transmitted diseases, accounting for 35.05%; 13 728 cases of respiratory infectious diseases, accounting for 32.95% of the total number of infectious diseases; 12 889 cases of intestinal infectious diseases, accounting for 30.94%; natural 313 cases of epidemic and zoonosis accounted for 0.75%, 132 cases of other infectious diseases accounted for 0.32%. Among the top five infectious diseases, the other five were infectious diarrhea (139.74 / 100000), viral hepatitis (117.46 / 100000), pulmonary tuberculosis (76.07 / 100000), mumps (73.44 / 100,000), syphilis (59.13 / 100,000). Conclusion The task of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in Lishui City is still arduous. The key prevention and treatment are blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases, respiratory diseases and intestinal infectious diseases.