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近场光镊是基于近场光学理论建立起来的可以对微粒实现稳定捕获和操作的新技术，相较基于单光束梯度力的传统远场光镊，近场光镊克服了光学分辨率衍射极限和热效应等众多因素的限制，可以实现对纳米量级微小粒子的捕获和操控，在物理学、细胞工程、生物医学等领域备受关注。首先阐述了基于倏逝场近场光镊的模型和捕获的基本原理，详述了棱镜全反射光镊、探针型光镊、纳米孔径光镊、聚焦倏逝场光镊、微纳光纤光镊、以及微谐振腔耦合结构型近场光镊的研究进展。最后，重点介绍了光镊在生物医学领域的应用。“,”Near-field optical tweezers is a new technology based on the near-field optical theory, which can stably trap particles. Compared with conventional far-field optical tweezers based on the single-beam gradient force, near-field optical tweezers which overcomes the diffraction limitation of near-field light optical resolution, thermal effects and many other disadvantages, can achieve the capture on particles in nano order, and have aroused much attention in the field of physics, cell engineering, biomedicine, and so on. Firstly, the model of near-field optical tweezers based on evanescent field and the basic principles of trapping were described. Secondly, the development of total reflection prism optical tweezers, probe type optical tweezers, nano-pore optical tweezers, focused evanescent field optical tweezers, micro-nano fiber optical tweezers, and micro-resonator coupling structure type near-field optical tweezers was introduced. In the end, the applications of optical tweezers in the field of biomedicine were mainly introduced.