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目的测评沈阳市农村老人自立生活能力并探讨其影响因素,为提高农村老人生命质量提供科学依据。方法2012-2013年采用整群抽样抽取沈阳市某自然村538名无认知功能障碍的65岁及以上老人,调查其自立生活能力。采用单因素卡方分析及多因素logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果沈阳市65岁及以上农村老人的自立率为41.64%。单因素卡方分析结果表明,人口统计学信息(年龄、婚姻、经济来源)、健康状况(慢性病罹患、视力、听力、睡眠质量、咀嚼能力)、个体行为(吸烟、散步、饮食规律)、社会心理因素(担心跌倒、抑郁、娱乐活动参与、经常看电视、子女孝顺)均对自立生活能力有影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析结果表明,农村老人自立生活能力最具有显著相关性的影响因素为咀嚼能力(好vs.差:OR=8.93,95%CI:2.52～31.61,P=0.00;中vs.差:OR=3.47,95%CI:1.10～10.97,P=0.03)、慢性病罹患(无vs.有:OR=4.26,95%CI:2.43～7.46,P=0.03)、经济来源(退休金/打工vs.子女供给:OR=4.18,95%CI:1.17～14.23,P=0.00;务农vs.子女供给:OR=4.12,95%CI:0.28～4.47,P=0.00)、抑郁(否vs.是:OR=3.64,95%CI:1.65～4.96,P=0.00)、视力(好vs.不好:OR=3.18,95%CI:1.67～6.08,P=0.00)、娱乐活动参与(是vs.否:OR=2.86,95%CI:1.65～4.96,P=0.00)。咀嚼能力好、无慢性病、有退休金、无抑郁、视力好、参与娱乐活动的老人自立能力强。结论 2012-2013年沈阳市农村老人自立生活能力较低,改善咀嚼能力,预防慢性病及获得稳定的经济来源可以有效提高农村老人的自立生活能力。
Objective To evaluate the independent living ability of the elderly in rural areas of Shenyang City and to explore its influencing factors so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of life of the elderly in rural areas. Methods A total of 538 elderly people aged 65 or above without cognitive impairment in a natural village of Shenyang City were sampled by cluster sampling from 2012 to 2013 to investigate their ability to live independently. Single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis of its influencing factors. Results The self-reliance rate of elderly people aged 65 years and over in Shenyang was 41.64%. The results of one-way chi-square analysis showed that demographic information (age, marital status, economic sources), health status (chronic diseases, vision, hearing, sleep quality, masticatory ability), individual behavior (smoking, walking, diet) Psychological factors (worried about falls, depression, participation in entertainment activities, watching television frequently and children filial piety) all had an impact on their ability to live independently (P <0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the most significant influencing factors of the independent living ability of rural elderly were masticatory ability (good vs poor: OR = 8.93, 95% CI: 2.52 ~ 31.61, P = 0.00; = 3.47, 95% CI: 1.10-10.97, P = 0.03), chronic disease (no vs. vs.: 4.26, 95% CI: 2.43-7.46, P = 0.03) OR = 4.18, 95% CI: 1.17-14.23, P = 0.00; Farmer vs. child supply: OR = 4.12, 95% CI: 0.28-4.47, P = 0.00); Depression = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.65-4.96, P = 0.00), visual acuity (good vs not good: OR = 3.18,95% CI: 1.67-6.08, P = 0.00) OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.65-4.96, P = 0.00). Chewing ability, no chronic diseases, a pension, no depression, good eyesight, participate in recreational activities of the elderly self-reliance. Conclusion In 2012-2013, the elderly living in rural areas in Shenyang are less able to support themselves independently. Improving masticatory ability, preventing chronic diseases and obtaining stable economic resources can effectively improve the independent living ability of the rural elderly.