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劳动者报酬在初次分配中所占比重过低是中国国民收入分配中存在的一个突出问题。以中国的民营企业为研究对象,在厘清民营企业成长环境和发展特点的基础上,通过一个修正的Ramsey模型分析了导致劳动报酬份额过低的微观成因。研究表明,民营企业家所拥有的传统技艺、创业精神以及社会关系在企业发展初期对提高劳动报酬有正向推动作用,但在发展后期会阻碍其增长。民营企业为了投资而积攒的闲置货币增加,或者同类竞争对手数量增加,过度竞争程度加剧,都会导致人均资本量以及工资水平的下降。因而,要提高民营企业劳动者的工资水平,从根本上还是要加快民营企业的改制步伐,实现生产要素的社会化配置,提升民营企业的产品技术水平,形成有序竞争格局,增加对民营企业融资的市场支持,改善民营企业发展的外部市场环境。
The low proportion of workers’ remuneration in primary distribution is a prominent issue in the distribution of Chinese national income. Taking the Chinese private enterprises as the research object, on the basis of clarifying the growth environment and development characteristics of private enterprises, a modified Ramsey model was used to analyze the micro-causes of the low share of labor compensation. The research shows that the traditional skills, entrepreneurial spirit and social relations owned by private entrepreneurs play a positive role in promoting labor remuneration in the early stage of enterprise development, but will hinder its growth in the later stage of development. The increase of idle money accumulated by private enterprises for investment or the increase of the number of competitors of the same kind and the exacerbation of excessive competition will lead to a decrease in per capita capital and wage levels. Therefore, to raise the wages of workers in private-owned enterprises, fundamentally, it is necessary to speed up the pace of restructuring of private-owned enterprises, realize the socialization of production factors, upgrade the technological level of products of private-owned enterprises, create an orderly competition and increase the demand for private-owned enterprises Financing market support and improving the external market environment for the development of private enterprises.